Language/Standard-arabic/Grammar/First-and-second-conditional
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As a Standard Arabic teacher with 20 years of experience, I'm excited to introduce you to the first and second conditional sentences in Arabic.
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First Conditional
The first conditional in Arabic is used to talk about real or possible situations in the future. To form this conditional, we use the present tense for the "if" clause (حال) and the future tense for the result clause (نتيجة). Here are some examples:
| Standard Arabic | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| إذا عَمِلتُ جَيداً، سَأَنَجَحُ | idha 'amiltu jayidan, sa'anajahu | If I work hard, I will succeed. |
| إذا تَرَكتَ البَيتَ مُبَكِّراً، سَتَصِلُ إلى المَدْرَسَةِ مُبَكِّراً | idha tarakta albayt mubakkiran, sataṣilu ila almadrasati mubakkiran | If you leave the house early, you will arrive at school early. |
As you can see, the word إذا (idha) means "if" and is followed by the verb in the present tense for the "if" clause. Then, we use the word سَ (sa) followed by the future tense verb in the result clause.
Second Conditional
The second conditional in Arabic is used to talk about imaginary and unlikely situations in the present or future. To form this conditional, we use the past tense verb in the "if" clause and the present tense verb in the result clause. Here are some examples:
| Standard Arabic | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| لَو كُنتُ ثائِراً، لَتَعامَلْتُ مَعكَ بِشِدَّةٍ | law kuntu tha'iran, lata'amaltu maeak bishiddatin | If I were rebellious, I would deal with you harshly. |
| لَو كانَ لَدي أَمْوالٌ كَثيرةٌ، لَسافَرتُ حَولَ العالَمِ | law kana laday 'amwalun kathiratun, lasafartu haula al'alam | If I had a lot of money, I would travel around the world. |
In this case, we use the word in the past tense لَو (law), meaning "if", and followed by the verb in the past tense for the "if" clause. Then, we use the present tense verb in the result clause.
Make sure to memorize these structures well, as they will be used frequently in Arabic conversations and writing.
Exercises
Now that you've learned about the first and second conditional sentences, test your knowledge with these exercises:
- If I (study) Arabic well, I (speak) it fluently in one year. (Use the first conditional structure)
- If I (be) the president, I (solve) all the problems in the country. (Use the second conditional structure)
Answers:
- If I study Arabic well, I will speak it fluently in one year.
- If I were the president, I would solve all the problems in the country.
Sources