Language/Vietnamese/Grammar/Pronouns-and-Personal-Pronouns
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As a Vietnamese language teacher with 20 years of experience, I'm excited to introduce you to the world of pronouns and personal pronouns in Vietnamese. Don't worry; it is not as tricky as it seems! In this lesson, I'll cover the basics of what you need to know to get started.
Pronouns
A pronoun is a word that takes the place of a noun. Vietnamese pronouns, like in other languages, allow us to avoid repetition and make sentences flow more smoothly. Let's look at some common Vietnamese pronouns:
| Vietnamese | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| Tôi | Toy | I |
| Bạn | Bunner | You (singular) |
| Anh ấy | Ang-yay | He |
| Chị ấy | Chee-yay | She |
| Chúng tôi | Choong Toy | We |
| Các bạn | Cack Bunner | You (plural) |
| Họ | Huh | They |
Notice that in Vietnamese, we have different pronouns to distinguish if we are talking to one person or multiple people. Moreover, there are different pronouns to denote gender.
Important note: in Vietnamese, we usually drop the subject pronoun in a sentence since context makes it clear who we are referring to (similar to Spanish).
Personal Pronouns
Personal pronouns, just like other pronouns, take the place of a noun. But, personal pronouns are more specific; they indicate the grammatical person, i.e., whether the person speaking, the person spoken to, or the person, event, or thing spoken about.
Below is is an overview of personal pronouns in Vietnamese:
| Vietnamese | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| Tôi | Toy | Me/Mine (1st Person Singular) |
| Của tôi | Kwa Toy | My/Mine |
| Bạn | Bunner | You/Yours (2nd Person Singular) |
| Của bạn | Kwa Bunner | Your/Yours |
| Anh ấy | Ang-yay | He/His (3rd Person Masculine) |
| Của anh ấy | Kwa ang-yay | His |
| Chị ấy | Chee-yay | She/Her (3rd Person Feminine) |
| Của chị ấy | Kwa chee-yay | Her |
| Chúng tôi | Choong Toy | Us/Our (1st Person Plural) |
| Của chúng tôi | Kwa Choong Toy | Our/Ours |
| Các bạn | Cack Bunner | You/Yours (2nd Person Plural) |
| Của các bạn | Kwa Cack Bunner | Your/Yours |
| Họ | Huh | They/Their (3rd Person Plural) |
| Của họ | Kwa huh | Their/Theirs |
There are some important points to note regarding personal pronouns in Vietnamese:
- Unlike in English, the personal pronouns are used not just for subjects but also for objects.
- We use "của" before a personal pronoun to express possession in Vietnamese.
Examples
Here are some examples to see how personal pronouns are used in Vietnamese:
I have a book.
Tôi có một quyển sách.
That is your pencil.
Đó là bút chì của bạn.
He gave me his phone number.
Anh ấy cho tôi số điện thoại của mình.
Conclusion
In this lesson, we covered the basics of pronouns and personal pronouns in Vietnamese. Remember to practice as much as you can by constructing simple sentences with pronouns. With practice, it will become easier for you to understand and use pronouns fluently.
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