Language/Javanese/Grammar/Adverbs-of-Manner
Introduction
In this lesson, you will learn about adverbs of manner in Javanese language. Adverbs are words that modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs in a sentence. Adverbs of manner describe the way or how an action is performed, such as quickly, slowly, carefully, or eagerly.
Learning adverbs of manner will expand your vocabulary and allow you to describe actions more accurately. This will help you in everyday conversations and also help you understand Javanese speakers better. So, let's dive in!
Take some time to dive into these other pages after completing this lesson: Common Conjunctions & Negation.
Adverbs of Manner
In Javanese, adverbs of manner are formed by adding '-an' suffix to the base adjectives. For example, the adjective 'cepat' (fast) becomes 'cepatan' (quickly) when '-an' suffix added to it. Let us look at more example:
| Javanese | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| cepat | /tʃʰɛpɑt/ | fast |
| cepatan | /tʃʰɛpɑt - ʌn/ | quickly |
| lambat | /lɑmbɑt/ | slow |
| lambatan | /lɑmbɑt - ʌn/ | slowly |
| hati-hati | /ˈhɑti ˈhɑti/ | careful |
| hati-hatian | /ˈhɑti ˈhɑti - ʌn/ | carefully |
| marah | /mɑrɑh/ | angry |
| marahan | /mɑrɑh - ʌn/ | angrily |
As you can see from the table above, adding '-an' suffix modifies the base adjective into adverb. Let us look at more examples:
- 'ramah' (friendly) > 'ramahan' (friendly)
- 'panjang' (long) > 'panjangan' (lengthily)
- 'tinggi' (high) > 'tinggian' (highly)
Position of Adverbs in a Sentence
In Javanese language, adverbs usually placed after the verb or object they modify. For example:
- Aku mlaku cepatan. (I walk quickly.)
- Ana duweniwe mangan hati-hatian. (She eats carefully.)
In some cases, adverbs can be placed before the subject (kepenginian and asal):
- Kepenginian aku ora ngomong karo awe-awe. (I want to speak politely to the elders.)
- Asal awakmu ora digawa gusti. (As long as you don't hurt other people, go ahead and do it.)
Using Adverbs of Manner with Comparative and Superlative Forms
In Javanese, adjectives have comparative and superlative forms. When an adverb modifies the comparative or superlative form of an adjective, it is placed before the adjective. For example:
- Prambanan iki candi sing paling magis se antero donya. (This Prambanan temple is the most magical temple in the whole world.)
- Gusti ipun luwih ngenteni ketimbang aku supaya aku sewu miturut. (God is more patient than I am, so I have to follow His will.)
Exercises
Practice modifying adjectives into adverbs of manner by adding '-an' suffix. Use each of the following adjectives in a sentence:
- adil (fair)
- lugu (naive)
- cerdas (smart)
- teges (firm)
- cetha (wise)
Conclusion
Congratulations on completing this lesson on Javanese adverbs of manner! You now know how to modify adjectives into adverbs, where to place adverbs in a sentence, and how to use them with comparative and superlative forms. Keep practicing and expanding your vocabulary to become more fluent in Javanese language.
Well done on mastering this lesson! Don't miss these related pages to expand your knowledge: Descriptive Adjectives & Give your Opinion.
Other Lessons
- Common Conjunctions
- Plurals
- Future Tense
- Gender
- Adjectives
- Nouns
- Descriptive Adjectives
- Give your Opinion
- Personal Pronouns