Difference between revisions of "Language/Central-khmer/Grammar/Personal-Pronouns"

Latest revision as of 06:39, 22 June 2023

◀️ Telling Time — Previous Lesson	Next Lesson — Possessive Pronouns ▶️

Central Khmer → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Nouns and Pronouns → Personal Pronouns

Introduction[edit | edit source]

Welcome to the lesson on Central Khmer personal pronouns! In this lesson, we will explore the different types of personal pronouns used in Central Khmer, including subject pronouns and object pronouns. Understanding and correctly using personal pronouns is essential for effective communication in any language, and Central Khmer is no exception. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid grasp of the Central Khmer personal pronouns and be able to use them confidently in your conversations.

Subject Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Subject pronouns are used to replace the subject of a sentence. They allow us to avoid repetition and make our speech more concise. In Central Khmer, subject pronouns are placed before the verb. Let's take a look at the Central Khmer subject pronouns:

Central Khmer	Pronunciation	English
ខ្ញុំ (khnhom)	khnhom	I, me
អ្នក (nak)	nak	you
គាត់ (kaat)	kaat	he, she, it
យើង (yerng)	yerng	we, us
អ្នកយើង (nak yerng)	nak yerng	you (plural)
ពួកយើង (pouk yerng)	pouk yerng	they

Let's see these subject pronouns in action with some examples:

ខ្ញុំកៅសុីនេះ។ (khnhom kav soneh) - I am a teacher.
អ្នកមានអ្នកក្រុមហ៊ុនដែលធ្វើការជាច្រើន។ (nak mean nak kromhun del thvey kar chhaer) - You have a team that does a lot of work.
គាត់មានអំពើហិង្សានៅពីរ។ (kaat mean ompoeh heing snaeh pi) - He/She has two siblings.
យើងកំពុងរៀនភាសាខ្មែរ។ (yerng kompung riin pheasa khmae) - We are learning Central Khmer.
អ្នកយើងទើបកំពុងធ្វើការណាស់។ (nak yerng tvea kompung thvey kar neah) - You (plural) are busy working.
ពួកយើងកំពុងអនុវត្ត។ (pouk yerng kompung ongavot) - They are resting.

Object Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Object pronouns, as the name suggests, are used to replace the object of a sentence. They are placed after the verb. Let's take a look at the Central Khmer object pronouns:

Central Khmer	Pronunciation	English
ខ្ញុំ (khnhom)	khnhom	me
អ្នក (nak)	nak	you
គាត់ (kaat)	kaat	him, her, it
យើង (yerng)	yerng	us
អ្នកយើង (nak yerng)	nak yerng	you (plural)
ពួកយើង (pouk yerng)	pouk yerng	them

Let's see these object pronouns in action with some examples:

ខ្ញុំនិងមិត្តភាពរបស់ខ្ញុំលើកទឹក។ (khnhom nung mittapheap robsa khnhom loek teuk) - He/She understands my feelings about water.
អ្នកស្រីរបស់អ្នកជាកូនប្រុស។ (nak srei robsa nak chha kon pros) - You have a brother.
គាត់មានអំពើនៅលើការអភិវឌ្ឍន៍។ (kaat mean ompoeh neah loek kar ahpiveaden) - He/She has an opinion on the matter.
យើងរកឃើញពិន្ទុរបស់យើង។ (yerng rok khunh paen robsa yerng) - We found our tickets.
អ្នកយើងឃើញពិន្ទុរបស់អ្នក។ (nak yerng khunh paen robsa nak) - You (plural) saw your tickets.
ពួកយើងទើបឃើញពិន្ទុរបស់ពួកយើង។ (pouk yerng tvea khunh paen robsa pouk yerng) - They just saw their tickets.

Cultural Insights[edit | edit source]

In Central Khmer culture, the use of personal pronouns carries significant weight in social interactions. Addressing someone by their appropriate pronoun is a sign of respect and politeness. It is common for Central Khmer speakers to use kinship terms instead of personal pronouns in certain situations. For example, older people may be referred to as "grandfather" or "grandmother" instead of using the pronoun "you." This reflects the cultural emphasis on hierarchy and respect for elders.

Additionally, Central Khmer culture places great importance on maintaining harmony and avoiding conflict. The use of pronouns can reflect this cultural value. It is common for Central Khmer speakers to avoid using first-person pronouns excessively, as it can be seen as self-centered or boastful. Instead, they may use alternative constructions or omit pronouns altogether to focus on the collective rather than the individual.

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now it's time to practice using Central Khmer personal pronouns! Try to complete the following exercises by choosing the correct pronoun for each sentence. The solutions will be provided after the exercises, so you can check your answers.

Exercise 1: Choose the correct personal pronoun.

1. __ទើបកំពុងមើលអ្នក។ (tvea kompung meul nak)__ - We are looking at you. 2. __គាត់មានស៊ីវ៉ារបស់គាត់។ (kaat mean sivya robsa kaat)__ - He/She has his/her own opinion. 3. __អ្នកបានទទួលបានតម្លៃពីខ្ញុំ។ (nak banh turtal banh tamleav pi khnhom)__ - You received a gift from me. 4. __យើងឃើញគ្រាប់ច្រើនគ្នា។ (yerng khunh krap chhaer khneah)__ - We see each other often. 5. __ខ្ញុំមានកូនប្រុស។ (khnhom mean kon pros)__ - I have a son.

Exercise 2: Rewrite the following sentences using object pronouns.

1. អ្នកស្រីនិងមិត្តភាពរបស់អ្នកលើកទឹក។ 2. អ្នកនិងស្មារតីមានសុខភាពល្អ។ 3. យើងរកឃើញការងាររបស់យើង។ 4. អ្នកស្រីឃើញពិន្ទុរបស់អ្នក។ 5. ពួកអ្នកយើងឃើញកំពុងទទួលការណ៍។

Solutions[edit | edit source]

Exercise 1:

1. យើងកំពុងមើលអ្នក។ (yerng kompung meul nak) - We are looking at you. 2. គាត់មានស៊ីវ៉ារបស់គាត់។ (kaat mean sivya robsa kaat) - He/She has his/her own opinion. 3. ខ្ញុំបានទទួលបានតម្លៃពីអ្នក។ (khnhom banh turtal banh tamleav pi nak) - I received a gift from you. 4. យើងឃើញគ្រាប់ច្រើនគ្នា។ (yerng khunh krap chhaer khneah) - We see each other often. 5. ខ្ញុំមានកូនប្រុស។ (khnhom mean kon pros) - I have a son.

Exercise 2:

1. អ្នកស្រីនិងមិត្តភាពរបស់អ្នកលើកទឹក។ (nak srei nung mittapheap robsa nak loek teuk) - You and your sister understand each other about water. 2. អ្នកនិងស្មារតីមានសុខភាពល្អ។ (nak nung smatay mean sokhapheap loy) - You and your friend have good health. 3. យើងរកឃើញការងាររបស់យើង។ (yerng rok khunh krap kar ngear robsa yerng) - We found our work. 4. អ្នកស្រីឃើញពិន្ទុរបស់អ្នក។ (nak srei khneah paen robsa nak) - You saw your sister's ticket. 5. ពួកអ្នកយើងឃើញកំពុងទទួលការណ៍។ (pouk nak yerng khneah kompung turtal kar neah) - They saw your group receiving the news.

Table of Contents - Central Khmer Course - 0 to A1[edit source]

Course Presentation

Basic Greetings

Sentence Structure

Numbers and Time

Nouns and Pronouns

Family and Relationships

Verbs and Tenses

Food and Drink

Central Khmer Customs and Traditions

Travel and Transportation

Adjectives and Adverbs

Weather and Seasons

Central Khmer Literature and Arts

Shopping and Money

Prepositions and Conjunctions

Hobbies and Leisure Activities

Central Khmer History and Geography

Sources[edit | edit source]

Central-khmer

Other Lessons[edit | edit source]

◀️ Telling Time — Previous Lesson	Next Lesson — Possessive Pronouns ▶️

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+<span pgnav>
+{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
+|[[Language/Central-khmer/Vocabulary/Telling-Time|◀️ Telling Time — Previous Lesson]]
+|[[Language/Central-khmer/Grammar/Possessive-Pronouns|Next Lesson — Possessive Pronouns ▶️]]
+|}
+</span>
 {{Central-khmer-Page-Top}}
 <div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Central-khmer|Central Khmer]]  → [[Language/Central-khmer/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Central-khmer/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Nouns and Pronouns → Personal Pronouns</div>
 __TOC__
-Central Khmer personal pronouns are an essential part of the language. As a beginner, it's crucial to learn the subject pronouns and object pronouns to express oneself correctly. Whether you want to talk about yourself, someone else or something else, using the appropriate personal pronoun is essential.
+== Introduction ==
+Welcome to the lesson on Central Khmer personal pronouns! In this lesson, we will explore the different types of personal pronouns used in Central Khmer, including subject pronouns and object pronouns. Understanding and correctly using personal pronouns is essential for effective communication in any language, and Central Khmer is no exception. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid grasp of the Central Khmer personal pronouns and be able to use them confidently in your conversations.
-<span link>After mastering this lesson, these related pages might interest you: [[Language/Central-khmer/Grammar/Describing-Actions-and-States|Describing Actions and States]] & [[Language/Central-khmer/Grammar/Basic-Word-Order|Basic Word Order]].</span>
 == Subject Pronouns ==
-Subject pronouns are the ones we use when the pronoun is the subject of the sentence. In Central Khmer, the pronouns are as follows:
+Subject pronouns are used to replace the subject of a sentence. They allow us to avoid repetition and make our speech more concise. In Central Khmer, subject pronouns are placed before the verb. Let's take a look at the Central Khmer subject pronouns:
 {| class="wikitable"
 ! Central Khmer !! Pronunciation !! English
 |-
-| ខ្ញុំ (khnhom) || [kʰɲom] || I / me
+| ខ្ញុំ (khnhom) || khnhom || I, me
 |-
-| អ្នកខ្ញុំ (nek khnhom) || [neːk kʰɲom] || you (singular)
+| អ្នក (nak) || nak || you
 |-
-| គាត់ (kat) || [kaːt] || he / him / she / her / it
+| គាត់ (kaat) || kaat || he, she, it
 |-
-| យើង (yerng) || [jəːŋ] || we / us
+| យើង (yerng) || yerng || we, us
 |-
-| អ្នកយើង (nek yerng) || [neːk jəŋ] || you (plural)
+| អ្នកយើង (nak yerng) || nak yerng || you (plural)
 |-
-| ពុទ្ធ (pot) || [poat] || they / them
+| ពួកយើង (pouk yerng) || pouk yerng || they
 |}
-As you can see, the pronoun "អ្នកខ្ញុំ" (nek khnhom) is used for "you" in a formal context. It is important to note that the pronunciation of the two pronouns that mean "you" is slightly different. The sound "ne" in "អ្នកខ្ញុំ" (nek khnhom) is longer than the sound "ne" in "អ្នកយើង" (nek yerng).
+Let's see these subject pronouns in action with some examples:
-Let's see some examples:
-* ខ្ញុំបានធ្វើការ។ (knhom baan dweh kaar.) - I did the work.
+* ខ្ញុំកៅសុីនេះ។ (khnhom kav soneh) - I am a teacher.
-* អ្នកខ្ញុំបានទទួលប្រាក់ពីខ្ញុំ។ (nek khnhom baan tuk toul braak pi khnhom.) - You received money from me.
+* អ្នកមានអ្នកក្រុមហ៊ុនដែលធ្វើការជាច្រើន។ (nak mean nak kromhun del thvey kar chhaer) - You have a team that does a lot of work.
-* គាត់ចង់ទៅមកហើយ។ (kat jang tov muk hoy.) - He / She wants to come.
+* គាត់មានអំពើហិង្សានៅពីរ។ (kaat mean ompoeh heing snaeh pi) - He/She has two siblings.
+* យើងកំពុងរៀនភាសាខ្មែរ។ (yerng kompung riin pheasa khmae) - We are learning Central Khmer.
+* អ្នកយើងទើបកំពុងធ្វើការណាស់។ (nak yerng tvea kompung thvey kar neah) - You (plural) are busy working.
+* ពួកយើងកំពុងអនុវត្ត។ (pouk yerng kompung ongavot) - They are resting.
 == Object Pronouns ==
-Object pronouns are the ones we use when the pronoun is not the subject of the sentence. In Central Khmer, the pronouns are as follows:
+Object pronouns, as the name suggests, are used to replace the object of a sentence. They are placed after the verb. Let's take a look at the Central Khmer object pronouns:
 {| class="wikitable"
 ! Central Khmer !! Pronunciation !! English
 |-
-| ខ្ញុំ (khnhom) || [kʰɲom] || me
+| ខ្ញុំ (khnhom) || khnhom || me
 |-
-| អ្នក (nek) || [neːk] || you
+| អ្នក (nak) || nak || you
 |-
-| គាត់ (kat) || [kaːt] || him / her / it
+| គាត់ (kaat) || kaat || him, her, it
 |-
-| យើង (yerng) || [jəːŋ] || us
+| យើង (yerng) || yerng || us
 |-
-| អ្នកយើង (nek yerng) || [neːk jəŋ] || you (plural)
+| អ្នកយើង (nak yerng) || nak yerng || you (plural)
 |-
-| ពុទ្ធ (pot) || [poat] || them
+| ពួកយើង (pouk yerng) || pouk yerng || them
 |}
-Let's see some examples:
+Let's see these object pronouns in action with some examples:
+* ខ្ញុំនិងមិត្តភាពរបស់ខ្ញុំលើកទឹក។ (khnhom nung mittapheap robsa khnhom loek teuk) - He/She understands my feelings about water.
+* អ្នកស្រីរបស់អ្នកជាកូនប្រុស។ (nak srei robsa nak chha kon pros) - You have a brother.
+* គាត់មានអំពើនៅលើការអភិវឌ្ឍន៍។ (kaat mean ompoeh neah loek kar ahpiveaden) - He/She has an opinion on the matter.
+* យើងរកឃើញពិន្ទុរបស់យើង។ (yerng rok khunh paen robsa yerng) - We found our tickets.
+* អ្នកយើងឃើញពិន្ទុរបស់អ្នក។ (nak yerng khunh paen robsa nak) - You (plural) saw your tickets.
+* ពួកយើងទើបឃើញពិន្ទុរបស់ពួកយើង។ (pouk yerng tvea khunh paen robsa pouk yerng) - They just saw their tickets.
+== Cultural Insights ==
+In Central Khmer culture, the use of personal pronouns carries significant weight in social interactions. Addressing someone by their appropriate pronoun is a sign of respect and politeness. It is common for Central Khmer speakers to use kinship terms instead of personal pronouns in certain situations. For example, older people may be referred to as "grandfather" or "grandmother" instead of using the pronoun "you." This reflects the cultural emphasis on hierarchy and respect for elders.
+Additionally, Central Khmer culture places great importance on maintaining harmony and avoiding conflict. The use of pronouns can reflect this cultural value. It is common for Central Khmer speakers to avoid using first-person pronouns excessively, as it can be seen as self-centered or boastful. Instead, they may use alternative constructions or omit pronouns altogether to focus on the collective rather than the individual.
+== Practice Exercises ==
-* ខ្ញុំគឺរីករាយនៅក្នុងផ្ទះ។ (knhom ker rikrei nov knung pteh.) - You saw me yesterday at home.
+Now it's time to practice using Central Khmer personal pronouns! Try to complete the following exercises by choosing the correct pronoun for each sentence. The solutions will be provided after the exercises, so you can check your answers.
-* ញុំចង់ទៅមកហើយ។ (noung jang tov muk hoy.) - I want to come.
-* អ្នកចង់អូនជួបគ្នាទេទែ? (nek jang ouy jupnhaoj mnear takae?) - Do you want to talk to me?
-== Possessive Pronouns ==
+Exercise 1: Choose the correct personal pronoun.
-Possessive pronouns are pronouns that demonstrate possession or ownership. In Central Khmer, they usually come after the noun or subject they are referring to. They are formed by adding the possessive particle "របស់" (rap sor) to a subject pronoun.
+. __ទើបកំពុងមើលអ្នក។ (tvea kompung meul nak)__ - We are looking at you.
+. __គាត់មានស៊ីវ៉ារបស់គាត់។ (kaat mean sivya robsa kaat)__ - He/She has his/her own opinion.
+. __អ្នកបានទទួលបានតម្លៃពីខ្ញុំ។ (nak banh turtal banh tamleav pi khnhom)__ - You received a gift from me.
+. __យើងឃើញគ្រាប់ច្រើនគ្នា។ (yerng khunh krap chhaer khneah)__ - We see each other often.
+. __ខ្ញុំមានកូនប្រុស។ (khnhom mean kon pros)__ - I have a son.
-Here are the possessive pronouns in Central Khmer:
+Exercise 2: Rewrite the following sentences using object pronouns.
-{| class="wikitable"
+. អ្នកស្រីនិងមិត្តភាពរបស់អ្នកលើកទឹក។
-! Central Khmer !! Pronunciation !! English
+. អ្នកនិងស្មារតីមានសុខភាពល្អ។
-|-
+. យើងរកឃើញការងាររបស់យើង។
-| ខ្ញុំរបស់ខ្ញុំ (khnhom rap sor khnhom) || [kʰɲom rap sor kʰɲom] || mine
+. អ្នកស្រីឃើញពិន្ទុរបស់អ្នក។
-|-
+. ពួកអ្នកយើងឃើញកំពុងទទួលការណ៍។
-| អ្នករបស់អ្នក (nek rap sor nek) || [neːk rap sor neːk] || yours
-|-
-| គាត់របស់គាត់ (kat rap sor kat) || [kaːt rap sor kaːt] || his / hers / its
-|-
-| យើងរបស់យើង (yerng rap sor yerng) || [jəːŋ rap sor jəːŋ] || ours
-|-
-| អ្នកយើងរបស់អ្នកយើង (nek yerng rap sor nek yerng) || [neːk jəŋ rap sor neːk jəŋ] || yours (plural)
-|-
-| ពុទ្ធរបស់ពុទ្ធ (pot rap sor pot) || [poat rap sor poat] || theirs
-|}
-Let's see some examples:
+== Solutions ==
-* ស៊ីប្រាថ្នាក់របស់ខ្ញុំស្រឡាញ់ពីផ្ទះរបស់ខ្ញុំ។ (sibpratanak rap sor khnhom sralanh pi pteh rap sor khnhom.) - My classmates came from my house.
+Exercise 1:
-* ចំពោះរយៈពេលវិញរបស់យើងមានវិញ។ (jom paar oy pail vea vinh rap sor yerng mun vin.) - We have another meeting next week.
-* អ្នកគឺគ្រួសាររបស់អ្នកមិនត្រូវតែធ្វើតែជួយមែនទេ។ (nek ker kruosar rap sor nek min trov tae tvea jea mean te.) - Your family shouldn't always help you.
-== Practice Exercise ==
+. យើងកំពុងមើលអ្នក។ (yerng kompung meul nak) - We are looking at you.
+. គាត់មានស៊ីវ៉ារបស់គាត់។ (kaat mean sivya robsa kaat) - He/She has his/her own opinion.
+. ខ្ញុំបានទទួលបានតម្លៃពីអ្នក។ (khnhom banh turtal banh tamleav pi nak) - I received a gift from you.
+. យើងឃើញគ្រាប់ច្រើនគ្នា។ (yerng khunh krap chhaer khneah) - We see each other often.
+. ខ្ញុំមានកូនប្រុស។ (khnhom mean kon pros) - I have a son.
-Now, let's practice what you've learned so far!
+Exercise 2:
-* Translate into Central Khmer:
+. អ្នកស្រីនិងមិត្តភាពរបស់អ្នកលើកទឹក។ (nak srei nung mittapheap robsa nak loek teuk) - You and your sister understand each other about water.
-. She did the homework.
+. អ្នកនិងស្មារតីមានសុខភាពល្អ។ (nak nung smatay mean sokhapheap loy) - You and your friend have good health.
-. I want your car.
+. យើងរកឃើញការងាររបស់យើង។ (yerng rok khunh krap kar ngear robsa yerng) - We found our work.
-. Their house is beautiful.
+. អ្នកស្រីឃើញពិន្ទុរបស់អ្នក។ (nak srei khneah paen robsa nak) - You saw your sister's ticket.
-. We have a cat.
+. ពួកអ្នកយើងឃើញកំពុងទទួលការណ៍។ (pouk nak yerng khneah kompung turtal kar neah) - They saw your group receiving the news.
-. They gave us money.
-* Translate into English:
+{{#seo:
-. ខ្ញុំស្រាវជាម្ចាស់។ (knhom sraa jear meanchas.)
+|title=Central Khmer Grammar → Nouns and Pronouns → Personal Pronouns
-. ស្ថានពលរបស់គាត់មានភ្លេច។ (sthinphal rap sor kat mun phlech.)
+|keywords=Central Khmer, Khmer grammar, Khmer personal pronouns, Khmer language, Khmer pronouns
-. អ្នកខ្ញុំបានមានបងប្អូន។ (nek khnhom baan mun bangboun.)
+|description=In this lesson, you will learn about the personal pronouns in Central Khmer, including subject pronouns and object pronouns. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to confidently use personal pronouns in your conversations.
-. ដើ
+}}
 {{Central-khmer-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}
@@ Line 115: / Line 131: @@
 [[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
 [[Category:Central-khmer-0-to-A1-Course]]
-<span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-3.5-turbo></span> <span temperature=1></span>
+<span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-3.5-turbo-16k></span> <span temperature=0.7></span>
+==Sources==
+* [https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/Language/Central-khmer Central-khmer]
@@ Line 130: / Line 152: @@
-<span class='maj'></span>
-==Sources==
-* [https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/Language/Central-khmer Central-khmer]
 {{Central-khmer-Page-Bottom}}
-<span links></span>
+<span pgnav>
+{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
+|[[Language/Central-khmer/Vocabulary/Telling-Time|◀️ Telling Time — Previous Lesson]]
+|[[Language/Central-khmer/Grammar/Possessive-Pronouns|Next Lesson — Possessive Pronouns ▶️]]
+|}
+</span>