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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Javanese|Javanese]]  → [[Language/Javanese/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Javanese/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Verbs and Tenses → Present Tense</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Javanese|Javanese]]  → [[Language/Javanese/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Javanese/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Verbs and Tenses → Present Tense</div>


__TOC__
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<h1>Introduction</h1>
== Introduction ==
 
Welcome to the lesson on Javanese Grammar focusing on the present tense! In this lesson, we will explore how to conjugate and use Javanese verbs in the present tense to describe actions happening now. Understanding the present tense is essential for effective communication in Javanese, as it allows us to express what is currently happening. Whether you are traveling to Java or simply interested in learning the language, mastering the present tense will greatly enhance your language skills.
 
Throughout this lesson, we will provide comprehensive explanations, examples, and exercises to help you grasp the concept of the present tense in Javanese. We will also delve into the cultural aspects of the language, exploring any regional variations and historical reasons for these differences. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid understanding of how to form and use verbs in the present tense, enabling you to confidently express actions happening in the present.
 
Let's dive in!
 
== Conjugating Verbs in the Present Tense ==
 
In Javanese, conjugating verbs in the present tense involves adding specific affixes to the verb base. The affixes used depend on the subject of the sentence. Before we dive into the details, let's first understand how verbs are structured in Javanese.
 
=== Verb Structure ===
 
Javanese verbs consist of two main parts: the base and the affixes. The base represents the core meaning of the verb, while the affixes modify the verb to convey information about the subject, object, tense, and other grammatical aspects. In this lesson, we will focus specifically on the affixes used to indicate the present tense.
 
=== Conjugating Verbs for Different Subjects ===
 
In Javanese, the verb affixes differ depending on the subject of the sentence. Let's take a look at how verbs are conjugated for different subjects in the present tense:
 
==== Singular Subjects ====
 
For singular subjects, such as "I," "you," or "he/she/it," the verb base remains unchanged. Here are some examples:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Javanese !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| Mangan  || [maŋɡan] || to eat
|-
| Nulis  || [nulis] || to write
|-
| Nganggo  || [ŋaŋɡo] || to wear
|-
| Mulih  || [muliʔ] || to return
|}
 
==== Plural Subjects ====
 
For plural subjects, such as "we," "you all," or "they," the verb base is modified by adding the affix "are" before the verb base. Here are some examples:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Javanese !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| Are mangan  || [arɛ maŋɡan] || to eat
|-
| Are nulis  || [arɛ nulis] || to write
|-
| Are nganggo  || [arɛ ŋaŋɡo] || to wear
|-
| Are mulih  || [arɛ muliʔ] || to return
|}
 
=== Conjugating Verbs for Different Tenses ===
 
In Javanese, verbs can be conjugated for different tenses, including the present tense. Let's take a look at how the present tense is formed:
 
==== Affixes for the Present Tense ====
 
To form the present tense in Javanese, the verb base remains unchanged for singular subjects. However, for plural subjects, the affix "are" is added before the verb base. Here are some examples:
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Javanese !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| Mangan  || [maŋɡan] || to eat
|-
| Are mangan  || [arɛ maŋɡan] || to eat
|-
| Nulis  || [nulis] || to write
|-
| Are nulis  || [arɛ nulis] || to write
|-
| Nganggo  || [ŋaŋɡo] || to wear
|-
| Are nganggo  || [arɛ ŋaŋɡo] || to wear
|-
| Mulih  || [muliʔ] || to return
|-
| Are mulih  || [arɛ muliʔ] || to return
|}
 
=== Examples and Usage ===
 
Now that we understand how to conjugate verbs in the present tense, let's explore some examples and their usage:
 
==== Singular Subjects ====


In Javanese, verbs are the most important part of the sentence. They express the action that is taking place, and their conjugation depends on the tense, aspect, and mood of the sentence. In this lesson, we will focus on the present tense, which is used to describe actions that are happening right now.
When using the present tense with singular subjects, the verb base remains unchanged. Here are some examples:


<h2>Conjugation</h2>
* Aku mangan. (I eat.)
* Kowe nulis. (You write.)
* Sakliyané nganggo. (He/she/it wears.)


To conjugate a verb in the present tense, you need to first identify its root form. For example, the root form of the verb "mangan" (to eat) is "angan." To form the present tense, you add the appropriate ending to the root form, depending on the subject of the sentence.
==== Plural Subjects ====


Here are the present tense endings for each subject in Javanese:
When using the present tense with plural subjects, the affix "are" is added before the verb base. Here are some examples:


<table class="wikitable">
* Kita are mangan. (We eat.)
<tr>
* Kalian are nulis. (You all write.)
<th>Subject</th>
* Wong-wong are nganggo. (They wear.)
<th>Ending</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>I</td>
<td>-ku</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>You (singular)</td>
<td>-mu</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>He/She/It</td>
<td>-ne</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>We (inclusive)</td>
<td>-kita</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>We (exclusive)</td>
<td>-kami</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>You (plural)</td>
<td>-kmong</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>They</td>
<td>-re</td>
</tr>
</table>


Let's look at some examples:
=== Cultural Insight ===


<table class="wikitable">
The usage of the present tense in Javanese reflects the cultural values of the Javanese people. The focus on the present moment aligns with the Javanese philosophy of living in the present and finding contentment in the here and now. This cultural insight adds depth to the language and provides a glimpse into the mindset of the Javanese people.
<tr>
<th>Javanese</th>
<th>Pronunciation</th>
<th>English</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>aku mangan</td>
<td>"ah-koo mahn-gahn"</td>
<td>I am eating</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>kowe mangan</td>
<td>"ko-weh mahn-gahn"</td>
<td>You are eating</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>sira mangan</td>
<td>"see-rah mahn-gahn"</td>
<td>He/She/It is eating</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>kita mangan</td>
<td>"kee-ta mahn-gahn"</td>
<td>We (inclusive) are eating</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>kami mangan</td>
<td>"kah-mee mahn-gahn"</td>
<td>We (exclusive) are eating</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>kamong mangan</td>
<td>"kah-mong mahn-gahn"</td>
<td>You (plural) are eating</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>re mangan</td>
<td>"reh mahn-gahn"</td>
<td>They are eating</td>
</tr>
</table>


As you can see, the ending of the verb changes depending on the subject of the sentence, but the root form stays the same.
== Practice Exercises ==


<h2>Usage</h2>
Now it's time to practice what you've learned! Below are some exercises to help you reinforce your understanding of the present tense in Javanese. Try to complete each exercise and then check your answers.


The present tense is used to describe actions that are happening right now, as well as general truths and habits. Here are some examples:
=== Exercise 1 ===


<ul>
Conjugate the following verbs in the present tense for the given subjects:
<li>Sira nandur sekarang. (He/She is gardening now.)</li>
<li>Kita ora nduweni wong Amerika ing sini. (We (inclusive) don't have any American people here.)</li>
<li>Kulo suka mangan nasi. (I like to eat rice.)</li>
</ul>


<h2>Negative Form</h2>
1. Mangan (to eat)
  - Aku: _______________
  - Kowe: _______________
  - Sakliyané: _______________


To make a negative sentence in the present tense, you need to use the word "ora" before the verb. For example:
2. Nulis (to write)
  - Aku: _______________
  - Kowe: _______________
  - Sakliyané: _______________


<ul>
=== Exercise 2 ===
<li>Aku ora mangan. (I am not eating.)</li>
<li>Sira ora ngomong. (He/She is not speaking.)</li>
<li>Kita ora nduweni uang. (We (inclusive) don't have any money.)</li>
</ul>


<h2>Interrogative Form</h2>
Translate the following sentences into Javanese using the present tense:


To form a question in the present tense, you need to switch the position of the verb and subject, and add the question particle "apa" at the beginning of the sentence. For example:
1. They eat.
2. We write.
3. I wear.


<ul>
=== Exercise 3 ===
<li>Apa aku mangan? (Am I eating?)</li>
<li>Apa sira ngomong? (Is he/she speaking?)</li>
<li>Apa kita nduweni uang? (Do we (inclusive) have any money?)</li>
</ul>


<h2>Vocabulary</h2>
Create your own sentences using the present tense in Javanese. Be creative and try to include different verb bases and subjects.


Here are some Javanese verbs that you can use in the present tense:
== Solutions ==


<ul>
=== Exercise 1 ===
<li>mangan - to eat</li>
<li>nandur - to garden</li>
<li>mlaku - to walk</li>
<li>ngomong - to speak</li>
<li>ndelok - to look</li>
<li>ninggal - to live</li>
<li>melu - to come</li>
<li>minggat - to travel</li>
<li>ntik - to wait</li>
<li>dudu - to not be</li>
<li>wis - already</li>
<li>aku - me/I</li>
<li>sira - he/she/it</li>
<li>kita - we (inclusive)</li>
<li>kami - we (exclusive)</li>
<li>kamu - you (singular)</li>
<li>kamong - you (plural)</li>
<li>re - they</li>
</ul>


<h2>Practice</h2>
1. Mangan (to eat)
  - Aku: Mangan
  - Kowe: Nulis
  - Sakliyané: Nganggo


Here are some exercises to practice using the present tense in Javanese:
2. Nulis (to write)
  - Aku: Nulis
  - Kowe: Nulis
  - Sakliyané: Nulis


<p><strong>Exercise 1:</strong> Translate the following sentences into Javanese:</p>
=== Exercise 2 ===


<ol>
1. They eat. - Wong-wong mangan.
<li>I am walking.</li>
2. We write. - Kita nulis.
<li>He is eating.</li>
3. I wear. - Aku nganggo.
<li>We are waiting.</li>
<li>They are not speaking.</li>
</ol>


<p><strong>Exercise 2:</strong> Translate the following sentences into English:</p>
=== Exercise 3 ===


<ol>
(Answers may vary)
<li>Kulo ndelok televisi.</li>
<li>Aku wis mangan.</li>
<li>Sira njaluk manganan sing enak.</li>
<li>Kami dudu sira.</li>
</ol>


<h2>Conclusion</h2>
1. Aku mangan rujak. (I eat rujak.)
2. Kowe nulis surat. (You write a letter.)
3. Sakliyané nganggo baju loro. (He/she/it wears a green shirt.)


In this lesson, you learned how to conjugate and use Javanese verbs in the present tense to describe actions happening now. Remember to pay attention to the subject of the sentence and add the appropriate ending to the root form of the verb. With practice, you'll be able to use the present tense confidently in your conversations in Javanese.
== Conclusion ==
 
Congratulations! You have successfully learned how to conjugate and use Javanese verbs in the present tense to describe actions happening now. By mastering the present tense, you can now confidently express what is currently happening in Javanese. Keep practicing and exploring the Javanese language to further enhance your language skills.
 
In the next lesson, we will delve into the past tense, allowing you to describe completed actions in Javanese. Selamat nggih (Good job) and sampai ketemu (see you) in the next lesson!
 
{{#seo:
|title=Javanese Grammar → Verbs and Tenses → Present Tense
|keywords=Javanese grammar, Javanese present tense, Javanese language, Javanese verbs, Javanese verb conjugation
|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to conjugate and use Javanese verbs in the present tense to describe actions happening now. Explore the cultural aspects of the language and practice your skills with exercises. Get ready to dive into the present tense in Javanese!
}}


{{Javanese-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}
{{Javanese-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}
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[[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
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<span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-3.5-turbo-16k></span> <span temperature=0.7></span>
 
 
 
==Sources==
* [http://learn101.org/javanese_grammar.php Javanese Grammar | LEARN101.ORG]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javanese_language Javanese language - Wikipedia]






==Related Lessons==
==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Javanese/Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]]
* [[Language/Javanese/Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]]
* [[Language/Javanese/Grammar/Future-Tense|Future Tense]]
* [[Language/Javanese/Grammar/Future-Tense|Future Tense]]
Line 202: Line 216:




<span class='maj'></span>
==Sources==
* [http://learn101.org/javanese_grammar.php Javanese Grammar | LEARN101.ORG]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javanese_language Javanese language - Wikipedia]


{{Javanese-Page-Bottom}}
{{Javanese-Page-Bottom}}
<span pgnav>
{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
|[[Language/Javanese/Vocabulary/Relationship-Terms|◀️ Relationship Terms — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Javanese/Grammar/Past-Tense|Next Lesson — Past Tense ▶️]]
|}
</span>

Latest revision as of 00:37, 22 June 2023

◀️ Relationship Terms — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Past Tense ▶️

Javanese-language-polyglotclub.jpg
Javanese → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Verbs and Tenses → Present Tense

Introduction[edit | edit source]

Welcome to the lesson on Javanese Grammar focusing on the present tense! In this lesson, we will explore how to conjugate and use Javanese verbs in the present tense to describe actions happening now. Understanding the present tense is essential for effective communication in Javanese, as it allows us to express what is currently happening. Whether you are traveling to Java or simply interested in learning the language, mastering the present tense will greatly enhance your language skills.

Throughout this lesson, we will provide comprehensive explanations, examples, and exercises to help you grasp the concept of the present tense in Javanese. We will also delve into the cultural aspects of the language, exploring any regional variations and historical reasons for these differences. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid understanding of how to form and use verbs in the present tense, enabling you to confidently express actions happening in the present.

Let's dive in!

Conjugating Verbs in the Present Tense[edit | edit source]

In Javanese, conjugating verbs in the present tense involves adding specific affixes to the verb base. The affixes used depend on the subject of the sentence. Before we dive into the details, let's first understand how verbs are structured in Javanese.

Verb Structure[edit | edit source]

Javanese verbs consist of two main parts: the base and the affixes. The base represents the core meaning of the verb, while the affixes modify the verb to convey information about the subject, object, tense, and other grammatical aspects. In this lesson, we will focus specifically on the affixes used to indicate the present tense.

Conjugating Verbs for Different Subjects[edit | edit source]

In Javanese, the verb affixes differ depending on the subject of the sentence. Let's take a look at how verbs are conjugated for different subjects in the present tense:

Singular Subjects[edit | edit source]

For singular subjects, such as "I," "you," or "he/she/it," the verb base remains unchanged. Here are some examples:

Javanese Pronunciation English
Mangan [maŋɡan] to eat
Nulis [nulis] to write
Nganggo [ŋaŋɡo] to wear
Mulih [muliʔ] to return

Plural Subjects[edit | edit source]

For plural subjects, such as "we," "you all," or "they," the verb base is modified by adding the affix "are" before the verb base. Here are some examples:

Javanese Pronunciation English
Are mangan [arɛ maŋɡan] to eat
Are nulis [arɛ nulis] to write
Are nganggo [arɛ ŋaŋɡo] to wear
Are mulih [arɛ muliʔ] to return

Conjugating Verbs for Different Tenses[edit | edit source]

In Javanese, verbs can be conjugated for different tenses, including the present tense. Let's take a look at how the present tense is formed:

Affixes for the Present Tense[edit | edit source]

To form the present tense in Javanese, the verb base remains unchanged for singular subjects. However, for plural subjects, the affix "are" is added before the verb base. Here are some examples:

Javanese Pronunciation English
Mangan [maŋɡan] to eat
Are mangan [arɛ maŋɡan] to eat
Nulis [nulis] to write
Are nulis [arɛ nulis] to write
Nganggo [ŋaŋɡo] to wear
Are nganggo [arɛ ŋaŋɡo] to wear
Mulih [muliʔ] to return
Are mulih [arɛ muliʔ] to return

Examples and Usage[edit | edit source]

Now that we understand how to conjugate verbs in the present tense, let's explore some examples and their usage:

Singular Subjects[edit | edit source]

When using the present tense with singular subjects, the verb base remains unchanged. Here are some examples:

  • Aku mangan. (I eat.)
  • Kowe nulis. (You write.)
  • Sakliyané nganggo. (He/she/it wears.)

Plural Subjects[edit | edit source]

When using the present tense with plural subjects, the affix "are" is added before the verb base. Here are some examples:

  • Kita are mangan. (We eat.)
  • Kalian are nulis. (You all write.)
  • Wong-wong are nganggo. (They wear.)

Cultural Insight[edit | edit source]

The usage of the present tense in Javanese reflects the cultural values of the Javanese people. The focus on the present moment aligns with the Javanese philosophy of living in the present and finding contentment in the here and now. This cultural insight adds depth to the language and provides a glimpse into the mindset of the Javanese people.

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now it's time to practice what you've learned! Below are some exercises to help you reinforce your understanding of the present tense in Javanese. Try to complete each exercise and then check your answers.

Exercise 1[edit | edit source]

Conjugate the following verbs in the present tense for the given subjects:

1. Mangan (to eat) 

  - Aku: _______________
  - Kowe: _______________
  - Sakliyané: _______________

2. Nulis (to write) 

  - Aku: _______________
  - Kowe: _______________
  - Sakliyané: _______________

Exercise 2[edit | edit source]

Translate the following sentences into Javanese using the present tense:

1. They eat. 2. We write. 3. I wear.

Exercise 3[edit | edit source]

Create your own sentences using the present tense in Javanese. Be creative and try to include different verb bases and subjects.

Solutions[edit | edit source]

Exercise 1[edit | edit source]

1. Mangan (to eat) 

  - Aku: Mangan
  - Kowe: Nulis
  - Sakliyané: Nganggo

2. Nulis (to write) 

  - Aku: Nulis
  - Kowe: Nulis
  - Sakliyané: Nulis

Exercise 2[edit | edit source]

1. They eat. - Wong-wong mangan. 2. We write. - Kita nulis. 3. I wear. - Aku nganggo.

Exercise 3[edit | edit source]

(Answers may vary)

1. Aku mangan rujak. (I eat rujak.) 2. Kowe nulis surat. (You write a letter.) 3. Sakliyané nganggo baju loro. (He/she/it wears a green shirt.)

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

Congratulations! You have successfully learned how to conjugate and use Javanese verbs in the present tense to describe actions happening now. By mastering the present tense, you can now confidently express what is currently happening in Javanese. Keep practicing and exploring the Javanese language to further enhance your language skills.

In the next lesson, we will delve into the past tense, allowing you to describe completed actions in Javanese. Selamat nggih (Good job) and sampai ketemu (see you) in the next lesson!

Table of Contents - Javanese Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Greetings and Introductions


Sentence Structure


Numbers and Time


Nouns and Pronouns


Family and Relationships


Verbs and Tenses


Food and Drinks


Adjectives and Adverbs


Travel and Transportation


Prepositions and Conjunctions


Javanese Customs and Etiquette


Sources[edit | edit source]


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



◀️ Relationship Terms — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Past Tense ▶️

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