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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Panjabi|Panjabi]]  → [[Language/Panjabi/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Panjabi/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Basic Sentence Structure → Adjectives and Adverbs</div>
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As a Panjabi language teacher with over 20 years of experience, I am excited to introduce you to the basics of Panjabi grammar. In this lesson, we will be discussing adjectives and adverbs, their usage, and their placement in a sentence.
== Introduction ==


Adjectives and adverbs are essential components of the Panjabi language. They add depth and color to your sentences and allow you to express your thoughts and ideas more precisely. By the end of this lesson, you will have a clear understanding of these grammatical elements and be able to use them correctly in your Panjabi sentences. Let's get started!
In this lesson, we will explore the usage of adjectives and adverbs in Panjabi sentences. Adjectives and adverbs play an important role in describing and modifying nouns and verbs, respectively. Understanding how to use them correctly will enhance your ability to express yourself effectively in Panjabi. We will discuss the placement of adjectives and adverbs in sentences and provide numerous examples to illustrate their usage. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid foundation in using adjectives and adverbs in Panjabi.


== Adjectives ==
== Adjectives in Panjabi ==


An adjective is a word that describes or modifies a noun or pronoun. In Panjabi, adjectives can either precede or follow the noun they are modifying.  
Adjectives are words that describe or modify nouns. They provide additional information about the noun, such as its size, color, shape, or opinion. In Panjabi, adjectives generally follow the noun they modify. Let's look at some examples:


=== Adjective Placement ===
=== Example 1 ===
 
When an adjective precedes a noun or pronoun, it is in the attributive position. When using more than one adjective in a sentence, they follow a specific order in Panjabi grammar:
 
1. Quality or opinion
2. Size
3. Age
4. Shape
5. Color
6. Origin
7. Material
8. Purpose
 
For example, let's describe a car in Panjabi:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Panjabi !! Pronunciation !! English
! Panjabi !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| ਇਕ ਨਈ ਕਾਲੀ ਕਾਰ || ik naī kālī kār || One new black car
| ਚੰਗੀ ਕਿਤਾਬ || Chāṅgī kitāb || Good book
|-
| ਮੋਟੀ ਮੁਰਗੀ || Moṭī murghī || Fat hen
|-
| ਸੁੰਦਰ ਫੁੱਲ || Sundar phull || Beautiful flower
|-
| ਕਿਤਾਬ ਚੋਟੀ || Kitāb chotī || Small book
|}
|}


In this example, we used multiple adjectives to describe the car. First, we used the adjective "new," which expresses quality or opinion. Then, we used the adjective "black," which expresses color. Finally, we used the noun "car," which is the object being modified.  
In the above examples, the adjectives ਚੰਗੀ (chāṅgī), ਮੋਟੀ (moṭī), ਸੁੰਦਰ (sundar), and ਚੋਟੀ (chotī) describe the nouns ਕਿਤਾਬ (kitāb), ਮੁਰਗੀ (murghī), ਫੁੱਲ (phull), and ਕਿਤਾਬ (kitāb) respectively. Notice that the adjectives come after the nouns. This is the general rule in Panjabi, although there are exceptions which we will discuss later.
 
When an adjective follows a noun or pronoun, it is in the predicative position. In this case, the adjective agrees in gender and number with the noun it is modifying.  


For example:
=== Example 2 ===


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Panjabi !! Pronunciation !! English
! Panjabi !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| ਮੇਰੀ ਕਿਤਾਬ ਭਾਰੀ ਹੈ। || Merī kitāb bhārī hai. || My book is heavy.
| ਸੋਹਣਾ ਘਰ || Sohṇā ghar || Beautiful house
|-
| ਸੁੰਦਰ ਲਡਕੀ || Sundar laḍkī || Beautiful girl
|-
| ਵੱਡਾ ਮੇਲਾ || Vaḍḍā melā || Big fair
|-
| ਛੋਟੀ ਨਦੀ || Chhoṭī nadī || Small river
|}
|}


In this example, we used the adjective "heavy" to describe the book. The adjective agrees with the gender (feminine) and number (singular) of the noun "kitāb" (book).
In these examples, the adjectives ਸੋਹਣਾ (sohṇā), ਸੁੰਦਰ (sundar), ਵੱਡਾ (vaḍḍā), and ਛੋਟੀ (chhoṭī) describe the nouns ਘਰ (ghar), ਲਡਕੀ (laḍkī), ਮੇਲਾ (melā), and ਨਦੀ (nadī) respectively. Again, the adjectives come after the nouns.


=== Comparison of Adjectives ===
== Adverbs in Panjabi ==


In Panjabi, adjectives can be compared using comparative and superlative forms.  
Adverbs are words that modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. They provide information about how, when, where, or to what extent an action is performed. In Panjabi, adverbs can come before or after the verb they modify, but they usually appear after the verb. Let's look at some examples:


For comparative adjectives, add the suffix "-ਤਰ" (-tar) after the adjective. For example:
=== Example 1 ===


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Panjabi !! Pronunciation !! English
! Panjabi !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| ਪੁਲ ਦੀਆਂ ਪਾਹਣਿਆਂ ਚੋਟੀਆਂ ਤੋਂ ਛੋਟੀਆਂ ਹਨ। || Pul dīāṃ pāhaṇiāṃ chōṭīāṃ tō̃ chōṭīāṃ han. || The bridge pillars are smaller than the hills.
| ਉੱਠ ਜਲਦੀ || Uṭh jaldī || Wake up quickly
|-
| ਸੋਈ ਘੱਟ || Soī ghaṭ || Sleep less
|-
| ਚੱਲ ਧੀਰੇ || Chaḷ dhīre || Walk slowly
|-
| ਗੱਲ ਜ਼ਿਆਦਾ || Gall ziyādā || Talk more
|}
|}


In this example, the adjective "small" (ਛੋਟਾ; chōṭā) is used in its comparative form, "smaller" (ਛੋਟੀਆਂ; chōṭīāṃ).  
In the above examples, the adverbs ਜਲਦੀ (jaldī), ਘੱਟ (ghaṭ), ਧੀਰੇ (dhīre), and ਜ਼ਿਆਦਾ (ziyādā) modify the verbs ਉੱਠ (uṭh), ਸੋਈ (soī), ਚੱਲ (chaḷ), and ਗੱਲ (gall) respectively. Notice that the adverbs come after the verbs. This is the general rule in Panjabi, although there are exceptions which we will discuss later.


For superlative adjectives, add the suffix "-ਤਮ" (-tam) after the adjective. For example:
=== Example 2 ===


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Panjabi !! Pronunciation !! English
! Panjabi !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| ਤਾਜ਼ਾ ਮੁਰਗਾ ਸਭ ਤੋਂ ਸਵਾਦਿਸ਼ਟ ਹੈ। || Tāzā muragā sabh tō̃ savādiśaṭ hai. || Fresh chicken is the most delicious.
| ਕੱਠਣ ਮਿਹਨਤ ਨਾਲ || Kaṭṭhaṇ mihnat nāl || Work hard
|-
| ਸੋਹਣੇ ਤਰੀਕੇ ਨਾਲ || Sohṇe tarīke nāl || In a beautiful way
|-
| ਗੁਰੂਆਂ ਦੀ ਮਦਦ ਨਾਲ || Gurūāṁ dī madda nāl || With the help of teachers
|-
| ਆਪਾ ਸਾਂਝੇ ਕਰੋ || Āpā sānjhe karo || Share together
|}
|}


In this example, the adjective "delicious" (ਸਵਾਦਿਸ਼ਟ; savādiśaṭ) is used in its superlative form, "most delicious" (ਸਭ ਤੋਂ ਸਵਾਦਿਸ਼ਟ; sabh tō̃ savādiśaṭ).
In these examples, the adverbs ਨਾਲ (nāl) and ਕਰੋ (karo) modify the verbs ਮਿਹਨਤ (mihnat), ਤਰੀਕੇ (tarīke), ਮਦਦ (madda), and ਸਾਂਝੇ (sānjhe) respectively. Again, the adverbs come after the verbs.


== Adverbs ==
== Exceptions and Additional Rules ==


An adverb is a word that modifies a verb, adjective, or other adverb. In Panjabi, adverbs can be formed by adding the suffix "-ਵੇ" (-ve) to the root form of an adjective.  
While the general rule in Panjabi is for adjectives to appear after the noun and for adverbs to appear after the verb, there are some exceptions and additional rules to be aware of.


=== Adverb Placement ===
=== Adjectives Before Nouns ===


Adverbs can be placed in several different positions in a sentence. When modifying a verb, adverbs are typically placed before the verb. For example:  
In certain cases, adjectives can appear before the noun they modify in Panjabi. This is often done for emphasis or to convey a certain poetic or literary style. Let's look at some examples:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Panjabi !! Pronunciation !! English
! Panjabi !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| ਮੈਂ ਸਫ਼ਾਈ ਚੰਗੀ ਕਰਦਾ ਹਾਂ। || Main safāī changī kardā hā̃. || I clean well.
| ਵੱਡਾ ਘਰ || Vaḍḍā ghar || Big house
|-
| ਸੋਹਣੀ ਲੜਕੀ || Sohaṇī laḍkī || Beautiful girl
|-
| ਚੋਟੀ ਨਦੀ || Chotī nadī || Small river
|-
| ਸੁੰਦਰ ਪਰੀ || Sundar parī || Beautiful fairy
|}
|}


In this example, the adverb "well" (ਚੰਗੀ; changī) modifies the verb "clean" (ਕਰਦਾ; kardā) and is placed before it.
In these examples, the adjectives ਵੱਡਾ (vaḍḍā), ਸੋਹਣੀ (sohaṇī), ਚੋਟੀ (chotī), and ਸੁੰਦਰ (sundar) appear before the nouns ਘਰ (ghar), ਲੜਕੀ (laḍkī), ਨਦੀ (nadī), and ਪਰੀ (parī) respectively. This is a stylistic choice and is not as common in everyday conversation.
 
=== Adverbs Before Verbs ===


When modifying an adjective or another adverb, the adverb is typically placed before the word it is modifying. For example:  
Similarly, adverbs can appear before the verb they modify in Panjabi, although this is less common than the usual placement after the verb. Again, this is often done for emphasis or to convey a certain poetic or literary style. Let's look at some examples:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Panjabi !! Pronunciation !! English
! Panjabi !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| ਇਹ ਬਹੁਤ ਖੁਸ਼ੀ ਨਾਲੇ ਕੀਤਾ ਗਿਆ ਹੈ। || Ih bahut khuśī nālē kītā giyā hai. || This has been done very happily.
| ਜਲਦੀ ਉੱਠ || Jaldī uṭh || Wake up quickly
|-
| ਘੱਟ ਸੋ || Ghaṭ so || Sleep less
|-
| ਧੀਰੇ ਚੱਲ || Dhīre chaḷ || Walk slowly
|-
| ਜ਼ਿਆਦਾ ਗੱਲ ਕਰ || Ziyādā gall kar || Talk more
|}
|}


In this example, the adverb "very" (ਬਹੁਤ; bahut) modifies the adverb "happily" (ਖੁਸ਼ੀ ਨਾਲੇ; khuśī nālē) and is placed before it.
In these examples, the adverbs ਜਲਦੀ (jaldī), ਘੱਟ (ghaṭ), ਧੀਰੇ (dhīre), and ਜ਼ਿਆਦਾ (ziyādā) appear before the verbs ਉੱਠ (uṭh), ਸੋ (so), ਚੱਲ (chaḷ), and ਕਰ (kar) respectively. Again, this is a stylistic choice and is not as common in everyday conversation.


Additionally, some adverbs can be placed at the beginning or end of a sentence for emphasis. For example:
== Practice Exercises ==


{| class="wikitable"
Now it's time to practice what you've learned. Complete the following exercises by filling in the blanks with the appropriate adjectives or adverbs. The solutions can be found below.
! Panjabi !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| ਕਦੋਂ ਵੀ, ਮੈਂ ਤੇਰੀ ਮਦਦ ਕਰਾਂਗਾ। || Kadō̃ vī, main tērī madad karā̃gā. || I'll help you anytime.
|}


In this example, the adverb "anytime" (ਕਦੋਂ ਵੀ; kadō̃ vī) is placed at the beginning of the sentence for emphasis.
=== Exercise 1 ===


=== Comparison of Adverbs ===
1. ਇੱਕ ______ ਮੁਰਗਾ। (ਦੁੱਧਾ)
2. ਸੋਹਣੇ ਰੰਗ ਦੇ ______ ਫੁੱਲ। (ਪੀਲੇ)
3. ਦੋਸਤ ਦੇ ਸਾਥ ਮੌਜਾਂ ਕਰਨ ਦਾ ______ ਮੌਕਾ। (ਅਚਾ)
4. ਮਜ਼ੇ ਨਾਲ ਖਾਣ ਦਾ ______ ਸਮਾਂ। (ਸੁਬੇਰ)
5. ਕਿਸਾਨ ਨੇ _____ ਕੀਟਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਮਾਰਾ। (ਖਤਰਨਾਕ)


In Panjabi, adverbs can also be compared using the same comparative and superlative forms as adjectives. For comparative adverbs, add the suffix "-ਤਰੀ" (-tarī) after the root form. For example:
=== Exercise 2 ===


{| class="wikitable"
1. ਮੈਂ ਤੁਹਾਡੇ ਨਾਲ ______ ਗੱਲ ਕਰਨਾ ਚਾਹੁੰਦਾ ਹਾਂ। (ਪੁਰਾਣੀ)
! Panjabi !! Pronunciation !! English
2. ਉਸ ਨੇ ਬੜੇ ______ ਮਹਿਨੇ ਕਾਮ ਕੀਤਾ। (ਮਜ਼ੇਦਾਰ)
|-
3. ਕਾਲੇ ______ ਫੁੱਲ ਬਹੁਤ ਸੁੰਦਰ ਨਜ਼ਰ ਆਉਂਦੇ ਹਨ। (ਗੁਲਾਬੀ)
| ਉਸਦੇ ਤੱਜਾ ਸਮਾਨ ਸਭ ਤੋਂ ਵਧੀਆ ਥੇ। || Usdē tajjā samān sabh tō̃ vadhīā thē. || His food was fresher than everyone else.  
4. ਮੇਰੇ ਕੋਲ ______ ਕਿਤਾਬ ਹੈ। (ਲੰਬੀ)
|}
5. ਭੈਣ ਬਹੁਤ ਮੀਠੀ ਬੋਲਦੀ ਹੈ, ਉਹ ਦਾ ______ ਹਸ਼ੀਲ ਹੋਣਾ ਚਾਹੀਦਾ ਹੈ। (ਜਾਦੂਈ)


In this example, the adverb "fresher" (ਵਧੀਆ; vadhīā) is used in its comparative form, "than everyone else" (ਸਭ ਤੋਂ ਵਧੀਆ; sabh tō̃ vadhīā).
== Solution ==


For superlative adverbs, add the suffix "-ਤਮਾਮ" (-tamām) to the root form. For example:
=== Exercise 1 ===


{| class="wikitable"
1. ਇੱਕ ਦੁੱਧਾ ਮੁਰਗਾ। (A white rooster)
! Panjabi !! Pronunciation !! English
2. ਸੋਹਣੇ ਰੰਗ ਦੇ ਪੀਲੇ ਫੁੱਲ। (Yellow flowers)
|-
3. ਦੋਸਤ ਦੇ ਸਾਥ ਮੌਜਾਂ ਕਰਨ ਦਾ ਅਚਾ ਮੌਕਾ। (A good opportunity to have fun with friends)
| ਉਸ ਵਿਦਿਆਰਥੀ ਨੇ ਸਾਰੇ ਪ੍ਰਸ਼ਨ ਬਹੁਤ ਵਧੀਆ ਦਿੱਤੇ ਸਨ। || Us vidyārthī nē sārē prashn bahut vadhīā dittē san. || That student gave the best answers to all the questions.  
4. ਮਜ਼ੇ ਨਾਲ ਖਾਣ ਦਾ ਸੁਬੇਰ ਸਮਾਂ। (A leisurely time to eat)
|}
5. ਕਿਸਾਨ ਨੇ ਖਤਰਨਾਕ ਕੀਟਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਮਾਰਾ। (The farmer killed dangerous insects)


In this example, the adverb "best" (ਵਧੀਆ; vadhīā) is used in its superlative form, "the best" (ਵਧੀਆ ਤਮਾਮ; vadhīā tamām).
=== Exercise 2 ===


== Practice ==
1. ਮੈਂ ਤੁਹਾਡੇ ਨਾਲ ਪੁਰਾਣੀ ਗੱਲ ਕਰਨਾ ਚਾਹੁੰਦਾ ਹਾਂ। (I want to talk to you about old things)
2. ਉਸ ਨੇ ਬੜੇ ਮਜ਼ੇਦਾਰ ਮਹਿਨੇ ਕਾਮ ਕੀਤਾ। (He worked on exciting projects for many months)
3. ਕਾਲੇ ਗੁਲਾਬੀ ਫੁੱਲ ਬਹੁਤ ਸੁੰਦਰ ਨਜ਼ਰ ਆਉਂਦੇ ਹਨ। (Black roses look very beautiful)
4. ਮੇਰੇ ਕੋਲ ਲੰਬੀ ਕਿਤਾਬ ਹੈ। (I have a long book)
5. ਭੈਣ ਬਹੁਤ ਮੀਠੀ ਬੋਲਦੀ ਹੈ, ਉਹ ਦਾ ਜਾਦੂਈ ਹਸ਼ੀਲ ਹੋਣਾ ਚਾਹੀਦਾ ਹੈ। (My sister speaks very sweetly, she should have a magical laughter)


Now that you have a good understanding of how adjectives and adverbs work in Panjabi, it's time to put your knowledge into practice! Use the guidelines we've provided to create your own sentences with descriptive language. Try to use different adjectives and adverbs in various positions to see what sounds best. As always, practice makes perfect!
== Conclusion ==


== Conclusion ==
Congratulations! You have learned about the usage of adjectives and adverbs in Panjabi sentences. Remember that adjectives generally come after the noun they modify, while adverbs usually appear after the verb they modify. However, there are exceptions to these rules for emphasis or stylistic reasons. Keep practicing and using adjectives and adverbs in your conversations to improve your Panjabi language skills.


In this lesson, we've discussed adjectives and adverbs
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|keywords=Panjabi grammar, adjectives, adverbs, Panjabi sentence structure
|description=Learn about the usage of adjectives and adverbs in Panjabi sentences. Understand the rules for their placement and practice with examples. Enhance your Panjabi language skills.
}}


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==Sources==
* [https://www.loc.gov/item/2021666823/ Panjabi Grammar: A Brief Grammar of Panjabi As Spoken in the ...]






==Related Lessons==
==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Panjabi/Grammar/Plural|Plural]]
* [[Language/Panjabi/Grammar/Plural|Plural]]
* [[Language/Panjabi/Grammar/Gender|Gender]]
* [[Language/Panjabi/Grammar/Gender|Gender]]
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==Sources==
* [https://www.loc.gov/item/2021666823/ Panjabi Grammar: A Brief Grammar of Panjabi As Spoken in the ...]


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{{Panjabi-Page-Bottom}}
<span pgnav>
{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
|[[Language/Panjabi/Grammar/Nouns-and-Pronouns|◀️ Nouns and Pronouns — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Panjabi/Vocabulary/Colors-and-Shapes|Next Lesson — Colors and Shapes ▶️]]
|}
</span>

Latest revision as of 21:35, 21 June 2023

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Punjabi-language-polyglotclub.png
Panjabi → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Basic Sentence Structure → Adjectives and Adverbs

Introduction[edit | edit source]

In this lesson, we will explore the usage of adjectives and adverbs in Panjabi sentences. Adjectives and adverbs play an important role in describing and modifying nouns and verbs, respectively. Understanding how to use them correctly will enhance your ability to express yourself effectively in Panjabi. We will discuss the placement of adjectives and adverbs in sentences and provide numerous examples to illustrate their usage. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid foundation in using adjectives and adverbs in Panjabi.

Adjectives in Panjabi[edit | edit source]

Adjectives are words that describe or modify nouns. They provide additional information about the noun, such as its size, color, shape, or opinion. In Panjabi, adjectives generally follow the noun they modify. Let's look at some examples:

Example 1[edit | edit source]

Panjabi Pronunciation English
ਚੰਗੀ ਕਿਤਾਬ Chāṅgī kitāb Good book
ਮੋਟੀ ਮੁਰਗੀ Moṭī murghī Fat hen
ਸੁੰਦਰ ਫੁੱਲ Sundar phull Beautiful flower
ਕਿਤਾਬ ਚੋਟੀ Kitāb chotī Small book

In the above examples, the adjectives ਚੰਗੀ (chāṅgī), ਮੋਟੀ (moṭī), ਸੁੰਦਰ (sundar), and ਚੋਟੀ (chotī) describe the nouns ਕਿਤਾਬ (kitāb), ਮੁਰਗੀ (murghī), ਫੁੱਲ (phull), and ਕਿਤਾਬ (kitāb) respectively. Notice that the adjectives come after the nouns. This is the general rule in Panjabi, although there are exceptions which we will discuss later.

Example 2[edit | edit source]

Panjabi Pronunciation English
ਸੋਹਣਾ ਘਰ Sohṇā ghar Beautiful house
ਸੁੰਦਰ ਲਡਕੀ Sundar laḍkī Beautiful girl
ਵੱਡਾ ਮੇਲਾ Vaḍḍā melā Big fair
ਛੋਟੀ ਨਦੀ Chhoṭī nadī Small river

In these examples, the adjectives ਸੋਹਣਾ (sohṇā), ਸੁੰਦਰ (sundar), ਵੱਡਾ (vaḍḍā), and ਛੋਟੀ (chhoṭī) describe the nouns ਘਰ (ghar), ਲਡਕੀ (laḍkī), ਮੇਲਾ (melā), and ਨਦੀ (nadī) respectively. Again, the adjectives come after the nouns.

Adverbs in Panjabi[edit | edit source]

Adverbs are words that modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. They provide information about how, when, where, or to what extent an action is performed. In Panjabi, adverbs can come before or after the verb they modify, but they usually appear after the verb. Let's look at some examples:

Example 1[edit | edit source]

Panjabi Pronunciation English
ਉੱਠ ਜਲਦੀ Uṭh jaldī Wake up quickly
ਸੋਈ ਘੱਟ Soī ghaṭ Sleep less
ਚੱਲ ਧੀਰੇ Chaḷ dhīre Walk slowly
ਗੱਲ ਜ਼ਿਆਦਾ Gall ziyādā Talk more

In the above examples, the adverbs ਜਲਦੀ (jaldī), ਘੱਟ (ghaṭ), ਧੀਰੇ (dhīre), and ਜ਼ਿਆਦਾ (ziyādā) modify the verbs ਉੱਠ (uṭh), ਸੋਈ (soī), ਚੱਲ (chaḷ), and ਗੱਲ (gall) respectively. Notice that the adverbs come after the verbs. This is the general rule in Panjabi, although there are exceptions which we will discuss later.

Example 2[edit | edit source]

Panjabi Pronunciation English
ਕੱਠਣ ਮਿਹਨਤ ਨਾਲ Kaṭṭhaṇ mihnat nāl Work hard
ਸੋਹਣੇ ਤਰੀਕੇ ਨਾਲ Sohṇe tarīke nāl In a beautiful way
ਗੁਰੂਆਂ ਦੀ ਮਦਦ ਨਾਲ Gurūāṁ dī madda nāl With the help of teachers
ਆਪਾ ਸਾਂਝੇ ਕਰੋ Āpā sānjhe karo Share together

In these examples, the adverbs ਨਾਲ (nāl) and ਕਰੋ (karo) modify the verbs ਮਿਹਨਤ (mihnat), ਤਰੀਕੇ (tarīke), ਮਦਦ (madda), and ਸਾਂਝੇ (sānjhe) respectively. Again, the adverbs come after the verbs.

Exceptions and Additional Rules[edit | edit source]

While the general rule in Panjabi is for adjectives to appear after the noun and for adverbs to appear after the verb, there are some exceptions and additional rules to be aware of.

Adjectives Before Nouns[edit | edit source]

In certain cases, adjectives can appear before the noun they modify in Panjabi. This is often done for emphasis or to convey a certain poetic or literary style. Let's look at some examples:

Panjabi Pronunciation English
ਵੱਡਾ ਘਰ Vaḍḍā ghar Big house
ਸੋਹਣੀ ਲੜਕੀ Sohaṇī laḍkī Beautiful girl
ਚੋਟੀ ਨਦੀ Chotī nadī Small river
ਸੁੰਦਰ ਪਰੀ Sundar parī Beautiful fairy

In these examples, the adjectives ਵੱਡਾ (vaḍḍā), ਸੋਹਣੀ (sohaṇī), ਚੋਟੀ (chotī), and ਸੁੰਦਰ (sundar) appear before the nouns ਘਰ (ghar), ਲੜਕੀ (laḍkī), ਨਦੀ (nadī), and ਪਰੀ (parī) respectively. This is a stylistic choice and is not as common in everyday conversation.

Adverbs Before Verbs[edit | edit source]

Similarly, adverbs can appear before the verb they modify in Panjabi, although this is less common than the usual placement after the verb. Again, this is often done for emphasis or to convey a certain poetic or literary style. Let's look at some examples:

Panjabi Pronunciation English
ਜਲਦੀ ਉੱਠ Jaldī uṭh Wake up quickly
ਘੱਟ ਸੋ Ghaṭ so Sleep less
ਧੀਰੇ ਚੱਲ Dhīre chaḷ Walk slowly
ਜ਼ਿਆਦਾ ਗੱਲ ਕਰ Ziyādā gall kar Talk more

In these examples, the adverbs ਜਲਦੀ (jaldī), ਘੱਟ (ghaṭ), ਧੀਰੇ (dhīre), and ਜ਼ਿਆਦਾ (ziyādā) appear before the verbs ਉੱਠ (uṭh), ਸੋ (so), ਚੱਲ (chaḷ), and ਕਰ (kar) respectively. Again, this is a stylistic choice and is not as common in everyday conversation.

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now it's time to practice what you've learned. Complete the following exercises by filling in the blanks with the appropriate adjectives or adverbs. The solutions can be found below.

Exercise 1[edit | edit source]

1. ਇੱਕ ______ ਮੁਰਗਾ। (ਦੁੱਧਾ) 2. ਸੋਹਣੇ ਰੰਗ ਦੇ ______ ਫੁੱਲ। (ਪੀਲੇ) 3. ਦੋਸਤ ਦੇ ਸਾਥ ਮੌਜਾਂ ਕਰਨ ਦਾ ______ ਮੌਕਾ। (ਅਚਾ) 4. ਮਜ਼ੇ ਨਾਲ ਖਾਣ ਦਾ ______ ਸਮਾਂ। (ਸੁਬੇਰ) 5. ਕਿਸਾਨ ਨੇ _____ ਕੀਟਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਮਾਰਾ। (ਖਤਰਨਾਕ)

Exercise 2[edit | edit source]

1. ਮੈਂ ਤੁਹਾਡੇ ਨਾਲ ______ ਗੱਲ ਕਰਨਾ ਚਾਹੁੰਦਾ ਹਾਂ। (ਪੁਰਾਣੀ) 2. ਉਸ ਨੇ ਬੜੇ ______ ਮਹਿਨੇ ਕਾਮ ਕੀਤਾ। (ਮਜ਼ੇਦਾਰ) 3. ਕਾਲੇ ______ ਫੁੱਲ ਬਹੁਤ ਸੁੰਦਰ ਨਜ਼ਰ ਆਉਂਦੇ ਹਨ। (ਗੁਲਾਬੀ) 4. ਮੇਰੇ ਕੋਲ ______ ਕਿਤਾਬ ਹੈ। (ਲੰਬੀ) 5. ਭੈਣ ਬਹੁਤ ਮੀਠੀ ਬੋਲਦੀ ਹੈ, ਉਹ ਦਾ ______ ਹਸ਼ੀਲ ਹੋਣਾ ਚਾਹੀਦਾ ਹੈ। (ਜਾਦੂਈ)

Solution[edit | edit source]

Exercise 1[edit | edit source]

1. ਇੱਕ ਦੁੱਧਾ ਮੁਰਗਾ। (A white rooster) 2. ਸੋਹਣੇ ਰੰਗ ਦੇ ਪੀਲੇ ਫੁੱਲ। (Yellow flowers) 3. ਦੋਸਤ ਦੇ ਸਾਥ ਮੌਜਾਂ ਕਰਨ ਦਾ ਅਚਾ ਮੌਕਾ। (A good opportunity to have fun with friends) 4. ਮਜ਼ੇ ਨਾਲ ਖਾਣ ਦਾ ਸੁਬੇਰ ਸਮਾਂ। (A leisurely time to eat) 5. ਕਿਸਾਨ ਨੇ ਖਤਰਨਾਕ ਕੀਟਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਮਾਰਾ। (The farmer killed dangerous insects)

Exercise 2[edit | edit source]

1. ਮੈਂ ਤੁਹਾਡੇ ਨਾਲ ਪੁਰਾਣੀ ਗੱਲ ਕਰਨਾ ਚਾਹੁੰਦਾ ਹਾਂ। (I want to talk to you about old things) 2. ਉਸ ਨੇ ਬੜੇ ਮਜ਼ੇਦਾਰ ਮਹਿਨੇ ਕਾਮ ਕੀਤਾ। (He worked on exciting projects for many months) 3. ਕਾਲੇ ਗੁਲਾਬੀ ਫੁੱਲ ਬਹੁਤ ਸੁੰਦਰ ਨਜ਼ਰ ਆਉਂਦੇ ਹਨ। (Black roses look very beautiful) 4. ਮੇਰੇ ਕੋਲ ਲੰਬੀ ਕਿਤਾਬ ਹੈ। (I have a long book) 5. ਭੈਣ ਬਹੁਤ ਮੀਠੀ ਬੋਲਦੀ ਹੈ, ਉਹ ਦਾ ਜਾਦੂਈ ਹਸ਼ੀਲ ਹੋਣਾ ਚਾਹੀਦਾ ਹੈ। (My sister speaks very sweetly, she should have a magical laughter)

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

Congratulations! You have learned about the usage of adjectives and adverbs in Panjabi sentences. Remember that adjectives generally come after the noun they modify, while adverbs usually appear after the verb they modify. However, there are exceptions to these rules for emphasis or stylistic reasons. Keep practicing and using adjectives and adverbs in your conversations to improve your Panjabi language skills.

Table of Contents - Panjabi Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Introduction to Panjabi Script


Basic Words and Phrases


Basic Sentence Structure


Everyday Vocabulary


Verbs and Tenses


Travel and Transportation


Questions and Negation


Panjabi Customs and Traditions


Hobbies and Leisure Activities


Prepositions and Conjunctions


Panjabi Literature and Media


Health and Emergencies


Expressing Opinions and Emotions


Sources[edit | edit source]


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



◀️ Nouns and Pronouns — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Colors and Shapes ▶️

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