Difference between revisions of "Language/Urdu/Grammar/Verbs-and-Tenses"

From Polyglot Club WIKI
< Language‎ | Urdu‎ | Grammar
Jump to navigation Jump to search
m (Quick edit)
m (Quick edit)
 
(6 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
<span pgnav>
{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
|[[Language/Urdu/Grammar/Nouns-and-Pronouns|◀️ Nouns and Pronouns — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Urdu/Grammar/Adjectives-and-Adverbs|Next Lesson — Adjectives and Adverbs ▶️]]
|}
</span>


{{Urdu-Page-Top}}
{{Urdu-Page-Top}}
 
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Urdu|Urdu]]  → [[Language/Urdu/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Urdu/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Basic Sentence Structure → Verbs and Tenses</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">Urdu Grammar → Alphabets and Sounds → Verbs and Tenses</div>


__TOC__
__TOC__


<h1>Verbs and Tenses in Urdu</h1>
== Introduction ==


<p>Welcome to the Verbs and Tenses section of the Complete 0 to A1 Urdu Course. In this lesson, we will learn about Urdu verbs and how to use them in different tenses to express different meanings.</p>
In this lesson, we will dive into the world of Urdu verbs and tenses. Verbs are an essential part of any language, as they help us express actions and states. Understanding how to conjugate verbs in different tenses is crucial for effective communication in Urdu. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid foundation in Urdu verb conjugation and be able to construct sentences with confidence.


<h2>Introduction to Urdu Verbs</h2>
== Verbs in Urdu ==


<p>As we learned in the previous lessons, Urdu is an Indo-Aryan language with deep roots in Persian, Arabic, and Sanskrit. It is a verb-final language, which means that the verb generally comes at the end of the sentence. In Urdu, the verb is the most important part of the sentence and it carries the most meaning.</p>
=== Types of Verbs ===


<p>Urdu verbs can be classified into three categories:</p>
In Urdu, verbs can be classified into three main types: Transitive Verbs, Intransitive Verbs, and Auxiliary Verbs.


<ol>
1. Transitive Verbs: These verbs require a direct object to complete their meaning. They express an action that is done to someone or something. For example:
<li>Transitive verbs</li>
{| class="wikitable"
<li>Intransitive verbs</li>
! Urdu !! Pronunciation !! English
<li>Reflexive verbs</li>
|-
</ol>
| کھانا || khaana || to eat
|-
| لکھنا || likhna || to write
|-
| پڑھنا || parhna || to read
|}


<h2>Transitive Verbs</h2>
2. Intransitive Verbs: These verbs do not require a direct object and express an action that is not done to someone or something. For example:
{| class="wikitable"
! Urdu !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| سونا || sona || to sleep
|-
| چلنا || chalna || to walk
|-
| مسکنا || muskurana || to smile
|}


<p>A transitive verb is a verb that requires an object to complete its meaning. In Urdu, transitive verbs are known as "mutaradif" verbs. For example, in the sentence "I am eating food," the verb "eating" is a transitive verb and "food" is the object.</p>
3. Auxiliary Verbs: These verbs are used in conjunction with other verbs to express tense, mood, or voice. They help in forming compound tenses and are an integral part of Urdu grammar. For example:
{| class="wikitable"
! Urdu !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| ہونا || hona || to be
|-
| جانا || jaana || to go
|-
| آنا || aana || to come
|}


<p>In Urdu, the verb agrees with the subject in gender and number. For example, in the sentence "He eats food," the verb "eats" agrees with the third-person masculine singular subject "he."</p>
=== Verb Conjugation ===


<p>Here is a table of some common transitive verbs in Urdu:</p>
Conjugating verbs in different tenses is an important aspect of Urdu grammar. It allows us to express actions and states in the past, present, and future. Let's take a look at how verbs are conjugated in different tenses.


<table class="wikitable">
1. Present Tense: The present tense is used to talk about actions happening at the moment or habitual actions. In Urdu, the present tense is formed by adding specific suffixes to the verb stem. Here are some examples:
<tr>
{| class="wikitable"
<th>Urdu</th>
! Urdu !! Pronunciation !! English
<th>Pronunciation</th>
|-
<th>English</th>
| کھاتا ہوں || khaata hoon || I eat
</tr>
|-
<tr>
| لکھتی ہیں || likhti hain || She writes
<td>کھانا</td>
|-
<td>khaana</td>
| پڑھتے ہیں || parhte hain || They read
<td>to eat</td>
|}
</tr>
<tr>
<td>پینا</td>
<td>peena</td>
<td>to drink</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>پڑھنا</td>
<td>parhna</td>
<td>to read</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>لکھنا</td>
<td>likhna</td>
<td>to write</td>
</tr>
</table>


<h2>Intransitive Verbs</h2>
2. Past Tense: The past tense is used to talk about actions that have already happened. In Urdu, the past tense is formed by adding specific suffixes to the verb stem. Here are some examples:
{| class="wikitable"
! Urdu !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| کھایا تھا || khaaya tha || I ate
|-
| لکھی تھی || likhi thi || She wrote
|-
| پڑھے تھے || parhe the || They read
|}


<p>An intransitive verb is a verb that does not take an object to complete its meaning. In Urdu, intransitive verbs are known as "lazim" verbs. For example, in the sentence "I am sleeping," the verb "sleeping" is an intransitive verb and there is no object.</p>
3. Future Tense: The future tense is used to talk about actions that will happen in the future. In Urdu, the future tense is formed by adding specific suffixes to the verb stem. Here are some examples:
{| class="wikitable"
! Urdu !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| کھاؤں گا || khaaunga || I will eat
|-
| لکھیں گی || likhegi || She will write
|-
| پڑھیں گے || parhenge || They will read
|}


<p>Just like transitive verbs, intransitive verbs also agree with the subject in gender and number. Here is a table of some common intransitive verbs in Urdu:</p>
=== Verb Agreement ===


<table class="wikitable">
In Urdu, verbs agree with the gender and number of the subject. Let's take a look at how verb agreement works in different scenarios.
<tr>
<th>Urdu</th>
<th>Pronunciation</th>
<th>English</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>سونا</td>
<td>sona</td>
<td>to sleep</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>چلنا</td>
<td>chalna</td>
<td>to walk</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ہنسنا</td>
<td>hansna</td>
<td>to laugh</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>رونا</td>
<td>rona</td>
<td>to cry</td>
</tr>
</table>


<h2>Reflexive Verbs</h2>
1. Singular Subject: When the subject is singular, the verb is conjugated accordingly. For example:
* میں کھاتا ہوں ۔ (I eat)
* وہ لکھتی ہے ۔ (She writes)
* تم پڑھتے ہو ۔ (You read)


<p>A reflexive verb is a verb in which the subject and the object are the same. In Urdu, reflexive verbs are known as "intekhabi" verbs. For example, in the sentence "I am washing myself," the verb "washing" is a reflexive verb and the subject and the object are the same.</p>
2. Plural Subject: When the subject is plural, the verb is conjugated differently. For example:
* ہم کھاتے ہیں ۔ (We eat)
* وہ لکھتے ہیں ۔ (They write)
* تم پڑھتے ہو ۔ (You all read)


<p>The reflexive pronoun in Urdu is "apna," which is added after the verb. Here is a table of some common reflexive verbs in Urdu:</p>
3. Gender Agreement: In Urdu, verbs also agree with the gender of the subject. For example:
* میں کھاتا ہوں ۔ (I eat - for masculine subjects)
* میں کھاتی ہوں ۔ (I eat - for feminine subjects)


<table class="wikitable">
== Cultural Insights ==
<tr>
<th>Urdu</th>
<th>Pronunciation</th>
<th>English</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>نہانا</td>
<td>nahana</td>
<td>to wash oneself</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>جھوٹا بولنا</td>
<td>jhoota bolna</td>
<td>to lie to oneself</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>عکس لینا</td>
<td>aks lena</td>
<td>to take a selfie</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>اپنے آپ کو بہتر ہونا</td>
<td>apne aap ko behtar hona</td>
<td>to improve oneself</td>
</tr>
</table>


<h2>Verbal Tenses in Urdu</h2>
Urdu, being the national language of Pakistan, is deeply intertwined with the culture and history of the region. The usage and understanding of verbs and tenses in Urdu may vary slightly in different regions due to dialectical differences and historical influences.


<p>Just like in English, verbs in Urdu change according to the tense of the sentence. Urdu has three main tenses:</p>
For example, in certain regions of Pakistan, the use of honorifics is more prevalent when conjugating verbs. Honorifics are respectful terms used to address someone with higher status or age. These honorifics are often incorporated into the verb forms to show respect and politeness. It is important to be aware of these cultural nuances when communicating in Urdu.


<ol>
Additionally, Urdu poetry and literature play a significant role in shaping the language. Many Urdu verbs find their way into beautiful and expressive poetry, adding depth and emotion to the language. Exploring Urdu poetry can provide a deeper understanding of the usage and context of verbs in the language.
<li>Present tense</li>
<li>Past tense</li>
<li>Future tense</li>
</ol>


<h3>Present Tense</h3>
== Practice Exercises ==


<p>The present tense is used to describe actions that are currently happening. In Urdu, the present tense is called "hazir" tense. The present tense is formed by taking the stem of the verb and adding the following endings:</p>
Now that we have learned about Urdu verbs and tenses, let's put our knowledge into practice with some exercises.


<ul>
Exercise 1: Conjugate the given verbs in the present tense according to the subject provided.
<li>For the first-person singular: "-تا ہوں"</li>
1. کھانا - میں
<li>For the second-person singular: "-تا ہے"</li>
2. لکھنا - وہ
<li>For the third-person singular: "-تا ہے"</li>
3. پڑھنا - تم
<li>For the first-person plural: "-تے ہیں"</li>
<li>For the second-person plural: "-تے ہو"</li>
<li>For the third-person plural: "-تے ہیں"</li>
</ul>


<p>Here is a table of some common verbs in the present tense:</p>
Exercise 2: Conjugate the given verbs in the past tense according to the subject provided.
1. کھانا - میں
2. لکھنا - وہ
3. پڑھنا - تم


<table class="wikitable">
Exercise 3: Conjugate the given verbs in the future tense according to the subject provided.
<tr>
1. کھانا - میں
<th>Urdu</th>
2. لکھنا - وہ
<th>Pronunciation</th>
3. پڑھنا - تم
<th>English</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>کھاتا ہوں</td>
<td>khaata hoon</td>
<td>I eat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>پیتا ہے</td>
<td>peeta hai</td>
<td>He drinks</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>پڑھتی ہیں</td>
<td>parhti hain</td>
<td>They read</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>لکھتے ہو</td>
<td>likhte ho</td>
<td>You write</td>
</tr>
</table>


<h3>Past Tense</h3>
== Exercise Solutions ==


<p>The past tense is used to describe actions that have already happened. In Urdu, the past tense is called "maazi" tense. The past tense is formed by taking the stem of the verb and adding the suffix "-ا".</p>
Exercise 1:
1. میں کھاتا ہوں ۔ (I eat)
2. وہ لکھتی ہے ۔ (She writes)
3. تم پڑھتے ہو ۔ (You read)


<p>Here is a table of some common verbs in the past tense:</p>
Exercise 2:
1. میں کھایا تھا ۔ (I ate)
2. وہ لکھی تھی ۔ (She wrote)
3. تم پڑھے تھے ۔ (You read)


<table class="wikitable">
Exercise 3:
<tr>
1. میں کھاؤں گا ۔ (I will eat)
<th>Urdu</th>
2. وہ لکھیں گی ۔ (She will write)
<th>Pronunciation</th>
3. تم پڑھیں گے ۔ (You will read)
<th>English</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>کھایا</td>
<td>khaya</td>
<td>I ate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>پیا</td>
<td>piya</td>
<td>He drank</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>پڑھا</td>
<td>parha</td>
<td>They read</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>لکھا</td>
<td>likha</td>
<td>You wrote</td>
</tr>
</table>


<h3>Future Tense</h3>
== Conclusion ==


<p>The future tense is used to describe actions that will happen in the future. In Urdu, the future tense is called "mustaqbil" tense. The future tense is formed by taking the stem of the verb and adding the following endings:</p>
Congratulations on completing the lesson on Urdu verbs and tenses! You have learned about the different types of verbs, how to conjugate them in different tenses, and the importance of verb agreement. Keep practicing and applying this knowledge in your conversations to enhance your Urdu language skills. In the next lesson, we will explore adjectives and adverbs in Urdu grammar.


<ul>
{{#seo:
<li>For the first-person singular: "-وں گا"</li>
|title=Urdu Grammar → Basic Sentence Structure → Verbs and Tenses
<li>For the second-person singular: "-و گا"</li>
|keywords=Urdu grammar, Urdu verbs, Urdu tenses, Urdu conjugation, Urdu language
<li>For the third-person singular: "-گا"</li>
|description=Learn about Urdu verbs, their types, and how to conjugate them in different tenses. This lesson will help you understand the role of verbs in Urdu grammar and how to express actions and states.
<li>For the first-person plural: "-یں گے"</li>
}}
<li>For the second-person plural: "-و گے"</li>
<li>For the third-person plural: "-یں گے"</li>
</ul>
 
<p>Here is a table of some common verbs in the future tense:</p>
 
<table class="wikitable">
<tr>
<th>Urdu</th>
<th>Pronunciation</th>
<th>English</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>کھاؤں گا</td>
<td>khaaunga</td>
<td>I will eat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>پیو گا</td>
<td>piyega</td>
<td>He will drink</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>پڑھیں گے</td>
<td>parhenge</td>
<td>They will read</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>لکھوں گے</td>
<td>likhenge</td>
<td>You will write</td>
</tr>
</table>
 
<h2>Conclusion</h2>
 
<p>Congratulations, you have completed the Verbs and Tenses section of the


{{Urdu-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}
{{Urdu-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}
Line 266: Line 171:
[[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
[[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
[[Category:Urdu-0-to-A1-Course]]
[[Category:Urdu-0-to-A1-Course]]
<span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-3.5-turbo-16k></span> <span temperature=0.7></span>
==Videos==
===33 Essential Verbs in Urdu - Absolute Beginners - YouTube===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U0RyUAHBWVg</youtube>
===How to Conjugate Urdu Verbs in Continuous Tense - YouTube===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1CU4tjmajdc</youtube>




<span class='maj'></span>
==Sources==
==Sources==
* [https://www.urdupod101.com/blog/2020/10/05/urdu-conjugations/ A Beginner-Friendly Guide to Urdu Verb Conjugation]
* [https://www.urdupod101.com/blog/2020/10/05/urdu-conjugations/ A Beginner-Friendly Guide to Urdu Verb Conjugation]
Line 274: Line 188:
* [https://www.urdupod101.com/blog/2021/07/08/urdu-tenses/ Urdu Tenses: Expressing the Past, Present, and Future]
* [https://www.urdupod101.com/blog/2021/07/08/urdu-tenses/ Urdu Tenses: Expressing the Past, Present, and Future]
* [https://in.pinterest.com/pin/present-perfect-continuous-tense-urdu-present-perfect-continuous-tense-in-urdu-grammar-in-urdu-tense-in-urdu--918804761447633654/ Present Perfect Continuous Tense urdu]
* [https://in.pinterest.com/pin/present-perfect-continuous-tense-urdu-present-perfect-continuous-tense-in-urdu-grammar-in-urdu-tense-in-urdu--918804761447633654/ Present Perfect Continuous Tense urdu]
==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Urdu/Grammar/Common-Mistakes|Common Mistakes]]
* [[Language/Urdu/Grammar/How-to-Use-Have|How to Use Have]]
* [[Language/Urdu/Grammar/How-to-Use-Be|How to Use Be]]
* [[Language/Urdu/Grammar/Introduction-to-Urdu-Alphabets|Introduction to Urdu Alphabets]]
* [[Language/Urdu/Grammar/Questions|Questions]]
* [[Language/Urdu/Grammar/Negation|Negation]]
* [[Language/Urdu/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]]
* [[Language/Urdu/Grammar/Plurals|Plurals]]
* [[Language/Urdu/Grammar/Nouns|Nouns]]
* [[Language/Urdu/Grammar/Conditional-Tenses|Conditional Tenses]]


{{Urdu-Page-Bottom}}
{{Urdu-Page-Bottom}}
<span pgnav>
{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
|[[Language/Urdu/Grammar/Nouns-and-Pronouns|◀️ Nouns and Pronouns — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Urdu/Grammar/Adjectives-and-Adverbs|Next Lesson — Adjectives and Adverbs ▶️]]
|}
</span>

Latest revision as of 22:18, 18 June 2023

◀️ Nouns and Pronouns — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Adjectives and Adverbs ▶️

Urdu-Language-PolyglotClub.png
Urdu → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Basic Sentence Structure → Verbs and Tenses

Introduction[edit | edit source]

In this lesson, we will dive into the world of Urdu verbs and tenses. Verbs are an essential part of any language, as they help us express actions and states. Understanding how to conjugate verbs in different tenses is crucial for effective communication in Urdu. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid foundation in Urdu verb conjugation and be able to construct sentences with confidence.

Verbs in Urdu[edit | edit source]

Types of Verbs[edit | edit source]

In Urdu, verbs can be classified into three main types: Transitive Verbs, Intransitive Verbs, and Auxiliary Verbs.

1. Transitive Verbs: These verbs require a direct object to complete their meaning. They express an action that is done to someone or something. For example:

Urdu Pronunciation English
کھانا khaana to eat
لکھنا likhna to write
پڑھنا parhna to read

2. Intransitive Verbs: These verbs do not require a direct object and express an action that is not done to someone or something. For example:

Urdu Pronunciation English
سونا sona to sleep
چلنا chalna to walk
مسکنا muskurana to smile

3. Auxiliary Verbs: These verbs are used in conjunction with other verbs to express tense, mood, or voice. They help in forming compound tenses and are an integral part of Urdu grammar. For example:

Urdu Pronunciation English
ہونا hona to be
جانا jaana to go
آنا aana to come

Verb Conjugation[edit | edit source]

Conjugating verbs in different tenses is an important aspect of Urdu grammar. It allows us to express actions and states in the past, present, and future. Let's take a look at how verbs are conjugated in different tenses.

1. Present Tense: The present tense is used to talk about actions happening at the moment or habitual actions. In Urdu, the present tense is formed by adding specific suffixes to the verb stem. Here are some examples:

Urdu Pronunciation English
کھاتا ہوں khaata hoon I eat
لکھتی ہیں likhti hain She writes
پڑھتے ہیں parhte hain They read

2. Past Tense: The past tense is used to talk about actions that have already happened. In Urdu, the past tense is formed by adding specific suffixes to the verb stem. Here are some examples:

Urdu Pronunciation English
کھایا تھا khaaya tha I ate
لکھی تھی likhi thi She wrote
پڑھے تھے parhe the They read

3. Future Tense: The future tense is used to talk about actions that will happen in the future. In Urdu, the future tense is formed by adding specific suffixes to the verb stem. Here are some examples:

Urdu Pronunciation English
کھاؤں گا khaaunga I will eat
لکھیں گی likhegi She will write
پڑھیں گے parhenge They will read

Verb Agreement[edit | edit source]

In Urdu, verbs agree with the gender and number of the subject. Let's take a look at how verb agreement works in different scenarios.

1. Singular Subject: When the subject is singular, the verb is conjugated accordingly. For example:

  • میں کھاتا ہوں ۔ (I eat)
  • وہ لکھتی ہے ۔ (She writes)
  • تم پڑھتے ہو ۔ (You read)

2. Plural Subject: When the subject is plural, the verb is conjugated differently. For example:

  • ہم کھاتے ہیں ۔ (We eat)
  • وہ لکھتے ہیں ۔ (They write)
  • تم پڑھتے ہو ۔ (You all read)

3. Gender Agreement: In Urdu, verbs also agree with the gender of the subject. For example:

  • میں کھاتا ہوں ۔ (I eat - for masculine subjects)
  • میں کھاتی ہوں ۔ (I eat - for feminine subjects)

Cultural Insights[edit | edit source]

Urdu, being the national language of Pakistan, is deeply intertwined with the culture and history of the region. The usage and understanding of verbs and tenses in Urdu may vary slightly in different regions due to dialectical differences and historical influences.

For example, in certain regions of Pakistan, the use of honorifics is more prevalent when conjugating verbs. Honorifics are respectful terms used to address someone with higher status or age. These honorifics are often incorporated into the verb forms to show respect and politeness. It is important to be aware of these cultural nuances when communicating in Urdu.

Additionally, Urdu poetry and literature play a significant role in shaping the language. Many Urdu verbs find their way into beautiful and expressive poetry, adding depth and emotion to the language. Exploring Urdu poetry can provide a deeper understanding of the usage and context of verbs in the language.

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now that we have learned about Urdu verbs and tenses, let's put our knowledge into practice with some exercises.

Exercise 1: Conjugate the given verbs in the present tense according to the subject provided. 1. کھانا - میں 2. لکھنا - وہ 3. پڑھنا - تم

Exercise 2: Conjugate the given verbs in the past tense according to the subject provided. 1. کھانا - میں 2. لکھنا - وہ 3. پڑھنا - تم

Exercise 3: Conjugate the given verbs in the future tense according to the subject provided. 1. کھانا - میں 2. لکھنا - وہ 3. پڑھنا - تم

Exercise Solutions[edit | edit source]

Exercise 1: 1. میں کھاتا ہوں ۔ (I eat) 2. وہ لکھتی ہے ۔ (She writes) 3. تم پڑھتے ہو ۔ (You read)

Exercise 2: 1. میں کھایا تھا ۔ (I ate) 2. وہ لکھی تھی ۔ (She wrote) 3. تم پڑھے تھے ۔ (You read)

Exercise 3: 1. میں کھاؤں گا ۔ (I will eat) 2. وہ لکھیں گی ۔ (She will write) 3. تم پڑھیں گے ۔ (You will read)

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

Congratulations on completing the lesson on Urdu verbs and tenses! You have learned about the different types of verbs, how to conjugate them in different tenses, and the importance of verb agreement. Keep practicing and applying this knowledge in your conversations to enhance your Urdu language skills. In the next lesson, we will explore adjectives and adverbs in Urdu grammar.

Table of Contents - Urdu Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Introduction to Urdu Script


Basic Vocabulary


Basic Sentence Structure


Everyday Vocabulary


Forming Questions and Negations


Travel and Transportation


Urdu Culture and Traditions

Videos[edit | edit source]

33 Essential Verbs in Urdu - Absolute Beginners - YouTube[edit | edit source]

How to Conjugate Urdu Verbs in Continuous Tense - YouTube[edit | edit source]


Sources[edit | edit source]


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



◀️ Nouns and Pronouns — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Adjectives and Adverbs ▶️

Retrieved from "https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/index.php?title=Language/Urdu/Grammar/Verbs-and-Tenses&oldid=282126"