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Revision as of 22:17, 2 April 2023
| ◀️ Subject-Verb-Object — Previous Lesson | Next Lesson — Numbers 1-10 ▶️ |
Introduction
Welcome to the Javanese Grammar lesson on sentence structure, focusing on forming questions and negations. This is a crucial aspect of language learning, as it allows you to express your thoughts and communicate effectively with others. In this lesson, you will learn how to construct questions and negations in Javanese using various question words and negation particles.
Don't hesitate to look into these other pages after completing this lesson: 0 to A1 Course & Adverbs of Manner.
The Javanese Sentence Structure
Before we delve into forming questions and negations, it is essential to review the basic sentence structure of Javanese. Javanese follows a subject-verb-object pattern, where the subject typically precedes the verb followed by the object.
Here is an example:
- Ngoko: Aku mangan panganan Jawa. (I eat Javanese food.)
- Krama: Kulo mangan pangananipun Jawa. (I eat Javanese food.)
As you can see, both sentences follow the subject-verb-object pattern, with the subject "aku" or "kulo" (I) preceding the verb "mangan" (eat) followed by the object "panganan Jawa" (Javanese food).
Questions
When forming questions in Javanese, you can use various question words to help indicate the type of question you are asking. The most commonly used Javanese question words are "apa" (what), "sapa" (who), "kapan" (when), "ngendi" (where), and "ngunu" (why).
Here are some examples of how to use these question words in sentences:
| Javanese | Pronunciation | English Translation |
|---|---|---|
| Apa piwulang iki? Sapa piwulangipun? |
(Ah-pa pee-woo-lang ee-kee?) (Sah-pa pee-woo-lang-ee-poon?) |
What is this lesson about? Who is this lesson for? |
| Kapan sampean lakoni iki? | (Kah-pan sam-peh-ahn lah-koh-nee ee-kee?) | When did you do this? |
| Ngendi kamu padha mlaku? Ngunu kamu mulih? |
(Ngen-deeh kah-moo pah-dhah muh-lah-koo?) (Nguh-noo kah-moo moo-lee?) |
Where are you going? Why are you leaving? |
Negations
In Javanese, you can create negations by using various particles, such as "ora" or "yo".
- "Ora" is used to negate verbs in sentences. For example:
- "Yo" is used to negate nouns in sentences. For example:
| Javanese | Pronunciation | English Translation |
|---|---|---|
| Aku ora mangan panganan Jawa. | (Ah-koo oh-rah mahn-gahn pah-ngah-nahn Jah-wah.) | I don't eat Javanese food. |
| Kita ora bakal mlaku. | (Kee-tah oh-rah bah-kahl mlah-koo.) | We won't go. |
| Javanese | Pronunciation | English Translation |
|---|---|---|
| Panjenengan yo kene. | (Pahn-jeh-neng-ahn yoh keh-neh.) | That is not yours. |
| Iki yo ora apik. | (Ee-kee yoh oh-rah ah-peehk.) | This is not good. |
Conclusion
In this lesson, you have learned how to form questions and negations in Javanese by using question words and negation particles. These basic language tools will help you effectively communicate your thoughts and ideas in Javanese. Remember to practice forming questions and negations in Javanese in your everyday conversations to become more comfortable with the language.
Finished this lesson? Check out these related lessons: Future Tense & Adjectives.
Other Lessons
- Future Tense
- Pronouns
- Past Tense
- Give your Opinion
- Negation
- Adverbs of Manner
- Nouns
- Possessive Pronouns
- Descriptive Adjectives
- How to Use Be
Sources
| ◀️ Subject-Verb-Object — Previous Lesson | Next Lesson — Numbers 1-10 ▶️ |