Language/Javanese/Grammar/Questions-and-Negations

Javanese → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Sentence Structure → Questions and Negations

Introduction

Welcome to the Javanese Grammar lesson on sentence structure, focusing on forming questions and negations. This is a crucial aspect of language learning, as it allows you to express your thoughts and communicate effectively with others. In this lesson, you will learn how to construct questions and negations in Javanese using various question words and negation particles.

The Javanese Sentence Structure

Before we delve into forming questions and negations, it is essential to review the basic sentence structure of Javanese. Javanese follows a subject-verb-object pattern, where the subject typically precedes the verb followed by the object.

Here is an example:

• Ngoko: Aku mangan panganan Jawa. (I eat Javanese food.)
• Krama: Kulo mangan pangananipun Jawa. (I eat Javanese food.)

As you can see, both sentences follow the subject-verb-object pattern, with the subject "aku" or "kulo" (I) preceding the verb "mangan" (eat) followed by the object "panganan Jawa" (Javanese food).

Questions

When forming questions in Javanese, you can use various question words to help indicate the type of question you are asking. The most commonly used Javanese question words are "apa" (what), "sapa" (who), "kapan" (when), "ngendi" (where), and "ngunu" (why).

Here are some examples of how to use these question words in sentences:

Javanese	Pronunciation	English Translation
Apa piwulang iki? Sapa piwulangipun?	(Ah-pa pee-woo-lang ee-kee?) (Sah-pa pee-woo-lang-ee-poon?)	What is this lesson about? Who is this lesson for?
Kapan sampean lakoni iki?	(Kah-pan sam-peh-ahn lah-koh-nee ee-kee?)	When did you do this?
Ngendi kamu padha mlaku? Ngunu kamu mulih?	(Ngen-deeh kah-moo pah-dhah muh-lah-koo?) (Nguh-noo kah-moo moo-lee?)	Where are you going? Why are you leaving?

Negations

In Javanese, you can create negations by using various particles, such as "ora" or "yo".

• "Ora" is used to negate verbs in sentences. For example:

Javanese	Pronunciation	English Translation
Aku ora mangan panganan Jawa.	(Ah-koo oh-rah mahn-gahn pah-ngah-nahn Jah-wah.)	I don't eat Javanese food.
Kita ora bakal mlaku.	(Kee-tah oh-rah bah-kahl mlah-koo.)	We won't go.

• "Yo" is used to negate nouns in sentences. For example:

Javanese	Pronunciation	English Translation
Panjenengan yo kene.	(Pahn-jeh-neng-ahn yoh keh-neh.)	That is not yours.
Iki yo ora apik.	(Ee-kee yoh oh-rah ah-peehk.)	This is not good.

Conclusion

In this lesson, you have learned how to form questions and negations in Javanese by using question words and negation particles. These basic language tools will help you effectively communicate your thoughts and ideas in Javanese. Remember to practice forming questions and negations in Javanese in your everyday conversations to become more comfortable with the language.

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Table of Contents - Javanese Course - 0 to A1

• Course Presentation

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Greetings and Introductions

• Basic Greetings
• Introducing Yourself

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Sentence Structure

• Subject-Verb-Object
• Questions and Negations

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Numbers and Time

• Numbers 1-10
• Telling Time

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Nouns and Pronouns

• Personal Pronouns
• Possessive Pronouns

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Family and Relationships

• Family Members
• Relationship Terms

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Verbs and Tenses

• Present Tense
• Past Tense

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Food and Drinks

• Common Foods
• Drinks and Beverages

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Adjectives and Adverbs

• Descriptive Adjectives
• Adverbs of Manner

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Travel and Transportation

• Modes of Transportation
• Travel Vocabulary

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Prepositions and Conjunctions

• Basic Prepositions
• Common Conjunctions

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Javanese Customs and Etiquette

• Politeness Levels
• Social Etiquette

Related Lessons

• Future Tense
• Pronouns
• Past Tense
• Give your Opinion
• Negation
• Adverbs of Manner
• Nouns
• Possessive Pronouns
• Descriptive Adjectives
• How to Use Be

Sources

• Javanese Grammar | LEARN101.ORG