Difference between revisions of "Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Comparative-and-Superlative-Adjectives"
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==Related Lessons== | |||
* [[Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Prepositions-and-conjunctions|Prepositions and conjunctions]] | |||
* [[Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Greek-voices-verbs-Φωνή-και-συζυγίες-ρημάτων|Greek voices verbs Φωνή και συζυγίες ρημάτων]] | |||
* [[Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Adverbs-and-Adverbial-Phrases|Adverbs and Adverbial Phrases]] | |||
* [[Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Pronoms-interrogatifs|Pronoms interrogatifs]] | |||
* [[Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/The-use-of-uppercase-and-lowercase|The use of uppercase and lowercase]] | |||
* [[Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Greek-Adverbs|Greek Adverbs]] | |||
* [[Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Pronunciation-rules|Pronunciation rules]] | |||
* [[Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Various-Greek-linguistic-terms|Various Greek linguistic terms]] | |||
* [[Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Indirect-speech|Indirect speech]] | |||
* [[Language/Modern-greek-1453/Grammar/Particles|Particles]] | |||
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Revision as of 21:00, 22 March 2023
As a Modern Greek (1453-) language teacher, I am excited to teach you about comparative and superlative adjectives in Modern Greek. Adjectives are words that describe or modify nouns, while adverbs are words that describe or modify verbs or adjectives. In this lesson, we will learn how to form comparative and superlative adjectives in Modern Greek, which will help you to express comparisons and differences in a more nuanced way.
Comparative Adjectives
Comparative adjectives are used to compare two things. In Modern Greek, the most common way to form comparative adjectives is to add the suffix "-τερος/-τερη/-τερο" to the stem of the adjective. The ending of the comparative form agrees with the gender, number, and case of the noun being modified.
For example:
| Modern Greek (1453-) | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| καλός (kalos) | ka-LOS | good (masculine) |
| καλή (kali) | ka-LEE | good (feminine) |
| καλό (kalo) | ka-LO | good (neuter) |
| καλύτερος (kalyteros) | kalee-TE-ros | better (masculine) |
| καλύτερη (kalyteri) | kalee-TE-ri | better (feminine) |
| καλύτερο (kalytero) | kalee-TE-ro | better (neuter) |
As you can see from the example, the comparative form of "kalos" (good) is "kalyteros" for masculine, "kalyteri" for feminine, and "kalytero" for neuter. The same pattern applies to all adjectives.
A few adjectives have irregular comparative forms, such as:
| Modern Greek (1453-) | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| καλός (kalos) | ka-LOS | good |
| καλύτερος (kalyteros) | kalee-TE-ros | better |
| κακός (kakos) | KA-kos | bad/evil |
| χειρότερος (cheiroteos) | hee-RO-te-ros | worse |
| μεγάλος (megalos) | meh-GA-los | big/large |
| μεγαλύτερος (megaliteros) | meh-gha-LEE-te-ros | bigger/larger |
| μικρός (mikros) | MI-kros | small/little |
| μικρότερος (mikroteros) | mi-kro-TE-ros | smaller/littler |
When comparing two things, the word "από" (apo) meaning "than" is used in the comparative form. For example:
- Είμαι ψηλότερος από εσένα. (Eimai psiloteros apo esena): I am taller than you.
Superlative Adjectives
Superlative adjectives describe the highest degree of comparison among three or more things. In Modern Greek, the most common way to form superlative adjectives is to add the suffix "-τατος/-τατη/-τατο" to the stem of the adjective. The ending of the superlative form agrees with the gender, number, and case of the noun being modified.
For example:
| Modern Greek (1453-) | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| καλός (kalos) | ka-LOS | good |
| καλύτερος (kalyteros) | kalee-TE-ros | better |
| καλύτατος (kalytatos) | kalee-TA-tos | the best (masculine) |
| καλύτατη (kalytati) | kalee-TA-tee | the best (feminine) |
| καλύτατο (kalytato) | kalee-TA-to | the best (neuter) |
As you can see from the example, the superlative form of "kalos" (good) is "kalytatos" for masculine, "kalytati" for feminine, and "kalytato" for neuter. The same pattern applies to all adjectives.
A few adjectives have irregular superlative forms, such as:
| Modern Greek (1453-) | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| καλός (kalos) | ka-LOS | good |
| καλύτατος (kalytatos) | kalee-TA-tos | the best |
| κακός (kakos) | KA-kos | bad/evil |
| χειρότατος (cheirotatos) | hee-RO-ta-tos | the worst |
| μεγάλος (megalo) | meh-GA-lo | big/large |
| μεγαλύτατος (megalitatos) | meh-gha-LEE-ta-tos | the biggest/largest |
| μικρός (mikros) | MI-kros | small/little |
| μικρότατος (mikrotatos) | mi-kro-TA-tos | the smallest/littlest |
When using the superlative form, you can include the word "στον/-την/-το" (ston/stin/to) meaning "in" before the adjective to denote "the most" in a specific context. For example:
- Αυτό το εστιατόριο έχει το πιο νόστιμο φαγητό στην πόλη. (Afto to estiatorio ehei to pio nostimo fagito stin poli): This restaurant has the most delicious food in the city.
Comparison of Adverbs
Adverbs are used to describe or modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. To form the comparative or superlative form of an adverb, the same rules apply as for adjectives.
For example:
- Γράφω γρηγορότερα από εκείνον. (Grafo grigorotera apo ekeino): I write faster than him.
- Τρώω λιγότερο από εσένα. (Trowo ligotero apo esena): I eat less than you.
- Μαγειρεύω καλύτερα από τη μαμά μου. (Mageirevo kalytera apo ti mama mou): I cook better than my mom.
- Ο κύριος συζητάει πιο επισταμένα από την κυρία. (O kyrios sizitaee pio epistamena apo tin kyria): The man discusses more knowledgeably than the woman.
Practice Exercise
Let's practice forming comparative and superlative adjectives in Modern Greek. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate form of the adjective in parentheses.
- Ο χαρακτήρας μου είναι ____________ (δυνατός). (O haraktiras mou einai ____________ (dinatos)): My personality is stronger.
- Το αμάξι μου είναι ____________ (γρήγορο). (To amaksi mou einai ____________ (grigoro)): My car is faster.
- Η μηχανή του αδελφού μου είναι η ____________ (γρήγορη). (I mihani tou adelfou mou einai i ____________ (grigori)): My brother's motorbike is the fastest.
- Εκείνος έχει ____________ (πολλά) χρήματα από εμένα. (Ekeinos ehei ____________ (polla) hrimata apo emena): He has more money than me.
- Το παλτό μου είναι ____________ (θερμό) από το παλτό σου. (To palto mou einai ____________ (thermo) apo to palto sou): My coat is warmer than your coat.
- Η καθηγήτρια μου μιλάει ____________ (γλυκά) από τον καθηγητή. (I kathigitria mou milaei ____________ (glika) apo ton kathigiti): My teacher speaks more kindly than the male teacher.
Conclusion
Well done! You have now learned how to form comparative and superlative adjectives in Modern Greek. Remember, adjectives and adverbs are important tools for expressing comparisons and differences. Practice using them in context and soon you will find yourself able to describe the world around you with more precision and eloquence.
Related Lessons
- Prepositions and conjunctions
- Greek voices verbs Φωνή και συζυγίες ρημάτων
- Adverbs and Adverbial Phrases
- Pronoms interrogatifs
- The use of uppercase and lowercase
- Greek Adverbs
- Pronunciation rules
- Various Greek linguistic terms
- Indirect speech
- Particles