Language/Bashkir/Grammar/Adjectives
Hi Bashkir learners! 😊
In this lesson, we will learn about adjectives in Bashkir. Adjectives are words used to describe or modify nouns. They can indicate a quality, size, color or any other characteristic of a noun.
Take some time to dive into these other pages after completing this lesson: How to Use "Have", Give your Opinion & Future Tense.
Types of Adjectives[edit | edit source]
There are two types of adjectives in Bashkir:
Attributive Adjectives[edit | edit source]
Attributive adjectives come before nouns and modify the noun directly. They agree with the noun in gender, number, and case. For example:
Bashkir | Pronunciation | English |
---|---|---|
гультәк | gultäk | red |
- гультәк (gultäk), meaning "red," modifies the noun it describes directly:
- ҡуш (quş) – bird
- гультәк ҡуш (gultäk quş) – red bird
In this example, гультәк (gultäk) is an attributive adjective because it comes before the noun and describes it directly.
Predicative Adjectives[edit | edit source]
Predicative adjectives come after the noun and relate to it through a linking verb. They do not agree in gender, number, or case with the noun. For example:
Bashkir | Pronunciation | English |
---|---|---|
кар | kar | white |
- кар (kar), meaning "white," relates to the noun through a linking verb:
- мәйдан (mäydan) – field
- мәйдан кар (mäydan kar) – field is white
In this example, кар (kar) is a predicative adjective because it comes after the noun and relates to it through a linking verb.
Adjective Agreement[edit | edit source]
In Bashkir, adjectives agree with nouns in gender, number, and case. For example:
Bashkir | Pronunciation | English |
---|---|---|
йөрәк | yörek | small |
- йөрәк (yörek), meaning "small," agrees with the noun it describes in gender, number, and case:
- кот (kot) – cat
- йөрәк кот (yörek kot) – small cat
If the noun is feminine, the adjective endings change:
- һатын (hatın) – housewife
- йөрәк һатын (yörek hatın) – small housewife
Note that the adjective йөрәк (yörek) changes its ending to agree with the noun in gender, number, and case.
Comparative and Superlative Adjectives[edit | edit source]
In Bashkir, comparative and superlative adjectives are formed using the following patterns:
- Comparative: ҡайсыса (qaysysa) + adjective + ҡаршы (qarşı) + adjective
- Superlative: ҡайсы (qaysı) + adjective + һөйләк (höylek) + noun
For example:
- Сагынды (Sagındı) – beautiful
- Сагындыҡа йәңү (Sagındıqa yönu) – more beautiful
- коттан (kottan) – cat
- йөҙсе коттан (yödze kottan) – the smallest cat
Note that ҡайсыса (qaysysa) and ҡайсы (qaysı) are used with attributive adjectives, while һөйләк (höylek) is used with nouns.
Dialogue[edit | edit source]
To see adjectives used in context, here is a dialogue between two friends:
- Амина (Amina): Асыҡ нара (Asıq nara) - Your new car is beautiful!
- Руслан (Ruslan): Уҡыҙ яңа йөҙле йүрәк (Uqız yaña yödle yuräk) - It's the tiniest red car.
In this dialogue, we see the attributive adjective яңа (yaña), meaning "new," and the predicative adjective йөҙле (yödle), meaning "tiny."
Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]
Now that you have learned about Bashkir adjectives, it's time to practice! Here are some exercises to help you master adjective agreement:
1. Translate the following sentences into Bashkir:
- The black cat is big.
- The white house is small.
- My old computer is slow.
2. Change the following adjectives from positive to comparative:
- тиҙ (tið, fast)
- ирсәк (irseḵ, tall)
- әлә (älä, good)
3. Change the following adjectives from positive to superlative:
- яхшы (yaxşı, good)
- урта (urta, average)
- кечмиш (keçmiş, past)
💡 Don't forget to use Find native speakers and ask them any questions about Bashkir adjectives to improve your understanding of the language!
➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.
➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎
Other Lessons[edit | edit source]
- Conditional Mood
- Questions
- How to Use Be
- Negation
- Future Tense
- Pronouns
- Plurals
- Give your Opinion
- How to Use Have
Sources[edit | edit source]