Language/Western-frisian/Grammar/Irregular-Verbs
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Irregular verbs can be a bit tricky in Western Frisian since they don't follow the same conjugation patterns as regular verbs. However, they are still essential to learn if you want to communicate effectively in Western Frisian. In this lesson, you will learn how to conjugate common irregular verbs and practice using them in different tenses.
Take a moment to explore these relevant pages as you conclude this lesson: Plurals & Questions.
Overview
In Western Frisian, there are several irregular verbs that don't follow the standard conjugation patterns. These verbs can be divided into different groups depending on their characteristics. Some irregular verbs change their stem vowels or add prefixes, while others change entirely in the present and past tense forms.
Here is a list of some of the most common irregular verbs in Western Frisian:
- wêze (to be)
- dwaan (to do)
- ha (to have)
- kinne (to be able to)
- sille (to shall/will)
- wolle (to want)
- moatte (to must)
In the following sections, we will go over each of these verbs in more detail and learn how to conjugate them in different tenses.
Wêze (To Be)
Wêze is the equivalent of "to be" in English and is an essential verb to learn in Western Frisian. It is an irregular verb that changes entirely in the present indicative and imperative forms.
Here is the present tense conjugation of wêze:
| Person | Conjugation |
|---|---|
| I | bin |
| You (singular informal) | bist |
| He/She/It | is |
| We | binne |
| You (plural informal/formal) | binne |
| They | binne |
As you can see, the present tense forms of wêze are entirely irregular compared to regular verbs.
In the past tense, wêze has two forms: wie (singular) and wiene (plural). Here is the past tense conjugation of wêze:
| Person | Conjugation |
|---|---|
| I | wie |
| You (singular informal) | wie |
| He/She/It | wie |
| We | wiene |
| You (plural informal/formal) | wiene |
| They | wiene |
The subjunctive and imperative forms of wêze are also irregular:
| Form | Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Subjunctive | wêze |
| Imperative (singular) | wês |
| Imperative (plural) | wêze |
Dwaan (To Do)
Dwaan is a verb used to describe an action or activity, and it is also an irregular verb in Western Frisian. The present and past tense forms of dwaan are entirely irregular compared to regular verbs.
Here is the present tense conjugation of dwaan:
| Person | Conjugation |
|---|---|
| I | doch |
| You (singular informal) | dochst |
| He/She/It | docht |
| We | dogge |
| You (plural informal/formal) | dogge |
| They | dogge |
In the past tense, dwaan has two forms: die (singular) and diene (plural). Here is the past tense conjugation of dwaan:
| Person | Conjugation |
|---|---|
| I | die |
| You (singular informal) | die |
| He/She/It | die |
| We | dienen |
| You (plural informal/formal) | dienen |
| They | dienen |
The subjunctive and imperative forms of dwaan are also irregular:
| Form | Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Subjunctive | dwaan |
| Imperative (singular) | doch |
| Imperative (plural) | dogge |
Ha (To Have)
Ha is the Western Frisian equivalent of "to have" in English, and it is another essential irregular verb to learn. The present and past tenses of ha both have irregularities in their conjugation.
Here is the present tense conjugation of ha:
| Person | Conjugation |
|---|---|
| I | ha |
| You (singular informal) | hast |
| He/She/It | hat |
| We | hawwe |
| You (plural informal/formal) | hawwe |
| They | hawwe |
As you can see, the present tense forms of ha are mostly regular, except for the third person singular form "hat" which is irregular.
In the past tense, ha also has two forms: hie (singular) and hiene (plural). Here is the past tense conjugation of ha:
| Person | Conjugation |
|---|---|
| I | hie |
| You (singular informal) | hie |
| He/She/It | hie |
| We | hiene |
| You (plural informal/formal) | hiene |
| They | hiene |
The subjunctive and imperative forms of ha are also irregular:
| Form | Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Subjunctive | ha |
| Imperative (singular) | ha |
| Imperative (plural) | hawwe |
Kinne (To Be Able To)
Kinne is used to express the ability to do something, and it is another irregular verb in Western Frisian. The present and past tense forms of kinne both have irregularities.
Here is the present tense conjugation of kinne:
| Person | Conjugation |
|---|---|
| I | kin |
| You (singular informal) | kinst |
| He/She/It | kin |
| We | kinne |
| You (plural informal/formal) | kinne |
| They | kinne |
In the past tense, kinne has two forms: koe (singular) and koene (plural). Here is the past tense conjugation of kinne:
| Person | Conjugation |
|---|---|
| I | koe |
| You (singular informal) | koe |
| He/She/It | koe |
| We | koene |
| You (plural informal/formal) | koene |
| They | koene |
The subjunctive and imperative forms of kinne are also irregular:
| Form | Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Subjunctive | kinne |
| Imperative (singular) | kin |
| Imperative (plural) | kinne |
Sille (To Shall/Will)
Sille is the Western Frisian equivalent of "shall/will" in English, and it is also an irregular verb. The present tense form of sille is irregular, while the past tense form is mostly regular.
Here is the present tense conjugation of sille:
| Person | Conjugation |
|---|---|
| I | sil |
| You (singular informal) | silst |
| He/She/It | sil |
| We | sille |
| You (plural informal/formal) | sille |
| They | sille |
As you can see, the present tense forms of sille are mostly regular, except for the first and third person singular forms "sil" which is irregular.
In the past tense, sille has two forms: soe (singular) and soene (plural). Here is the past tense conjugation of sille:
| Person | Conjugation |
|---|---|
| I | soe |
| You (singular informal) | soe |
| He/She/It | soe |
| We | soenen |
| You (plural informal/formal) | soenen |
| They | soenen |
The subjunctive and imperative forms of sille are also irregular:
| Form | Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Subjunctive | sille |
| Imperative (singular) | sil |
| Imperative (plural) | sille |
Wolle (To Want)
Wolle is used to express desire or willingness, and it is another irregular verb in Western Frisian. The present tense form of wolle is irregular, while the past tense form is mostly regular.
Here is the present tense conjugation of wolle:
| Person | Conjugation |
|---|---|
| I | wol |
| You (singular informal) | wolst |
| He/She/It | wol |
| We | wolle |
| You (plural informal/formal) | wolle |
| They | wolle |
As you can see, the present tense forms of wolle are mostly regular, except for the first and third person singular forms "wol" which is irregular.
In the past tense, wolle has two forms: woe (singular) and woene (plural). Here is the past tense conjugation of wolle:
| Person | Conjugation |
|---|---|
| I | woe |
| You (singular informal) | woe |
| He/She/It | woe |
| We | woene |
| You (plural informal/formal) | woene |
| They | woene |
The subjunctive and imperative forms of w
Other Lessons
- Comparative and Superlative
- Questions
- Plurals
- Regular Verbs
- Prepositions of Place
- Negation
- Descriptive Adjectives
- Pronouns
- How to Use Have
- Noun Gender and Plurals
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