Language/Central-khmer/Culture/Historical-Overview
Central Khmer culture is one of the most ancient cultures in Southeast Asia, with a recorded history that dates back to the Funan Kingdom in the first century CE. For more than two thousand years, the Khmer people have lived in Central and South Cambodia, developing a rich and nuanced culture that has survived to the present day.
Once you've mastered this lesson, take a look at these related pages: Festivals and Celebrations & Music and Dance.
The Origins of Central Khmer Culture
The Khmer people originated in the Mekong Delta region of Southeast Asia, where they developed a complex system of agriculture and society. The Khmer kingdom emerged in the 9th century CE under the rule of Jayavarman II, who established the capital at Angkor.
Over the next several centuries, the Khmer civilization grew in power and influence, building elaborate temples, palaces, and irrigation systems. The empire reached its peak under the rule of Jayavarman VII in the 12th century CE, when it controlled much of Southeast Asia.
Despite its decline in the 14th century CE, the Khmer civilization left a profound mark on the region. Its legacy can be seen in the magnificent temples of Angkor, as well as in the art, literature, and architecture of modern-day Cambodia.
Historical Events
Throughout its long and complex history, the Khmer civilization has experienced a number of important events that have shaped its culture and identity. These include:
- **The Rise of Angkor (9th century CE)** - The establishment of the Angkor capital marked the beginning of the golden age of the Khmer civilization. During this period, the empire reached its height in power, with the construction of Angkor Wat as a crowning achievement.
- **Decline and Fall (14th-15th centuries CE)** - The Khmer empire began to decline in the 14th century, due to a combination of environmental, economic, and political factors. The city of Angkor was eventually abandoned, and the Khmer civilization was forced to adapt to a new way of life.
- **French Colonization (19th-20th centuries CE)** - Cambodia became a protectorate of France in the late 19th century, and remained under French rule until the mid-20th century. This period saw the introduction of Western education, religion, and culture to Cambodia.
- **Independence and Modernization (20th century CE)** - Cambodia gained independence from France in 1953, and embarked on a path of modernization and nation-building. This period was marked by political turmoil, including civil war and the rise of the Khmer Rouge.
Key Figures
Central Khmer culture has produced numerous notable figures throughout its history. Here are just a few examples:
- **Jayavarman II** - The founder of the Khmer empire, Jayavarman II established the capital at Angkor in the 9th century CE.
- **Jayavarman VII** - One of the most powerful rulers in Khmer history, Jayavarman VII commissioned many of the empire's most impressive temples and monuments.
- **Norodom Sihanouk** - The king of Cambodia from 1941 to 1955 and 1993 to 2004, Sihanouk was a key figure in Cambodia's independence movement and modernization.
- **Pol Pot** - The leader of the Khmer Rouge, Pol Pot oversaw the genocide of millions of Cambodians in the 1970s.
Cultural Influences
Central Khmer culture has been shaped by a variety of outside influences over the centuries. Some of the most significant include:
- **Indian Civilization** - The Khmer empire was heavily influenced by Indian culture and religion, with many Khmer temples bearing a strong resemblance to Indian temples.
- **Buddhism** - Buddhism has played a key role in Khmer culture since the 3rd century CE, and remains an important part of Cambodian life today.
- **French Colonialism** - French colonization of Cambodia had a lasting impact on the country's culture, introducing Western education, religion, and cuisine.
- **Vietnamese Influence** - Vietnam has a long history of interaction with Cambodia, with periods of war and peace. Vietnamese culture has influenced Cambodian language and cuisine, among other aspects.
Conclusion
Central Khmer culture is a rich and varied tapestry, with a history that stretches back over thousands of years. From the magnificent temples of Angkor to the modern-day culture of Cambodia, the Khmer people have left an enduring legacy that continues to inspire and enrich the world.
Other Lessons
- Festivals and Celebrations
- Literature and Poetry
- Cambodia Timeline
- Geographical Features
- Music and Dance
- Greetings and Polite Behavior