Language/South-azerbaijani/Culture/Music-and-Dance
South Azerbaijan has a rich musical heritage, which incorporates both classical and folk music. In addition to music, dance is also an important aspect of the South Azerbaijani culture. In this lesson, we will explore the traditional music and dance of South Azerbaijan in detail. We will examine the traditional instruments and rhythms that are used in the music and explore how the dances relate to the music.
South Azerbaijani Music
South Azerbaijani music dates back to the ancient times, and it has been known for its passionate melodies and emotionally intense lyrics. A majority of the songs are based on love or social issues such as poverty, oppression, and political instability. The music is rhythmic, with a variety of percussive and stringed instruments used to create a lively and energetic sound. In South Azerbaijan, music is an essential part of cultural life. It is played in various social contexts, such as weddings, funerals, and public festivals.
Traditional Instruments
South Azerbaijani music is famous for its use of various traditional instruments. Some of the commonly used instruments include:
- Tar: The tar is a long-necked stringed instrument that has a deep, resonant sound. It is one of the most important traditional instruments of South Azerbaijan. It is usually played with a plectrum and has a range of about two and a half octaves.
| Azerbaijani | Transcription | English |
|---|---|---|
| تار | tār | Tar |
- Kamancheh: The Kamancheh is a bowed stringed instrument that has a beautiful, haunting sound. It is played vertically and has a hollow body that amplifies the sound. It has four strings and a small drum-like resonator that is placed on the player's chest.
| Azerbaijani | Transcription | English |
|---|---|---|
| کمانچه | kamāncheh | Kamancheh |
- Santur: The santur is a hammered dulcimer that has a unique, metallic sound. It is played by striking the strings with small hammers that are held in each hand. The santur has a range of two to three octaves.
| Azerbaijani | Transcription | English |
|---|---|---|
| سنتور | santūr | Santur |
- Daf: The daf is a percussion instrument that is commonly used in South Azerbaijani music. It is a large tambourine-like instrument that is played with the hands. The daf provides the driving rhythm for many South Azerbaijani songs.
| Azerbaijani | Transcription | English |
|---|---|---|
| دف | daf | Daf |
- Gaval: The gaval is a large frame drum that is played with a pair of wooden sticks. It is made from wood and goat skin and is the principal percussion instrument in many folkloric music genres. The drum produces a deep, resonant sound.
| Azerbaijani | Transcription | English |
|---|---|---|
| قوال | gaval | Gaval |
Rhythms
South Azerbaijani music has a diverse range of rhythms and beats. Some of the most common rhythms include:
- Mukhammaskai: This rhythm has a 7/8 time signature and is used in several South Azerbaijani songs. It is characterized by strong downbeats and syncopated rhythms in the off-beats.
- Sari Gelin: Sari Gelin means "yellow bride" in Azerbaijani, and it is one of the most famous songs in South Azerbaijan. The rhythm has a 6/8 time signature and is characterized by its fast tempo and upbeat rhythm.
- Shushtari: This rhythm has a 9/8 time signature and is commonly used in dance music. It is characterized by an emphasis on the third beat of the measure and is often played on the daf and kamancheh.
Genres
South Azerbaijani music has a wide array of genres, from classical music to modern pop songs. Two popular genres are:
- Ashiq music: Ashiq music is a traditional genre of South Azerbaijani music that focuses on the art of improvisation. It is typically performed by a solo musician who plays a stringed instrument such as the saz, and sings folk poetry while accompanying himself.
- Mugham: Mugham is a classical genre of South Azerbaijani music that has been passed down through generations. It features complex melodies, intricate rhythms, and intense emotional expression.
South Azerbaijani Dance
In South Azerbaijan, dance is an integral part of cultural life. It is performed at festive occasions such as weddings, holidays, as well as at public events.
Traditional Styles
There are several styles of traditional dances in South Azerbaijan. Some of them are:
- Azerbaijani Folk Dance: Azerbaijani folk dancing consists of various moves and steps that are accompanied by live music. It is a group dance, typically performed by young men and women together.
- Guleda Dance: Guleda is a traditional wedding dance performed by men and women. The dancers form a circle and hold hands, moving in a synchronized way to the rhythm of the music.
- Yalli Dance: Yalli Dance is a traditional dance that originated in the southern regions of South Azerbaijan. It is a joyful and energetic dance that is typically performed in a circle while accompanied by live music.
Costumes
Traditional South Azerbaijani dance costumes are rich in color and detail. The costumes are usually handmade, with intricate embroidery and beading. The colors are bright and vibrant, with each region having its own unique color palette and design.
Conclusion
South Azerbaijani music and dance have a long and rich history that reflects the cultural heritage of the region. From the traditional instruments to the intricate rhythms and passionate lyrics, South Azerbaijani music is known for its depth and beauty. Dance, too, is an integral part of cultural life in South Azerbaijan, and the colorful and vibrant costumes add to the beauty of the cultural experience.