Language/Georgian/Grammar/Plurals
Hi Georgian learners! ๐
In this lesson, we will be exploring the use of plurals in Georgian grammar. Plurals are used when we are referring to more than one thing or person, and it is important to understand the rules associated with plurals in Georgian.
With the completion of this lesson, consider investigating these related pages: The Conjugation System, Future Tense, Conjugation of the verb โto haveโ in the future tense & The postposition of the Dative.
Plural Forms[edit | edit source]
In Georgian, there are several ways in which to form plurals. These include:
Adding "-eb"[edit | edit source]
One of the most common ways of forming plurals in Georgian is to add the suffix "-eb" to the end of a noun. For example:
Georgian | Pronunciation | English |
---|---|---|
แแแชแแแ (k'atsebi) | k'at-seb-i | men |
แฌแแแแแ (tselebi) | tse-leb-i | years |
แแแแแ (enebi) | e-neb-i | languages |
Changing the Vowel Sound[edit | edit source]
Another way to form plurals is by changing the vowel sound within the noun. For example:
Georgian | Pronunciation | English |
---|---|---|
แแแแจแแแแ (bavshvebi) | bav-shv-eb-i | children |
แแแแแแ (mamebi) | ma-meb-i | fathers |
แชแฎแแแ แแแ (tskhovrebi) | ts-khov-reb-i | residents |
Irregular Plurals[edit | edit source]
There are a few nouns in Georgian that have irregular plurals, which must be memorized individually. For example:
Georgian | Pronunciation | English |
---|---|---|
แแแชแแแ (orbebi) | or-beb-i | wolves |
แแแแ (k'oni) | k'o-ni | horses |
แแแแแฎแแแ (venakh'ebi) | ve-na-kh'eb-i | windows |
Additionally, some nouns do not change form in the plural. For example:
Georgian | Pronunciation | English |
---|---|---|
แฏแแแแ แแแแแแ (janmrt'elebi) | jan-mrte-leb-i | doctors |
แแ แแแแแแแขแแแ (prezident'ebi) | pre-zi-den-t'eb-i | presidents |
Plural Personal Pronouns[edit | edit source]
While plural forms of nouns are essential to communication, plural forms of personal pronouns can be equally important. In Georgian, plural personal pronouns typically follow the same formation as plural nouns. For example:
Georgian | Pronunciation | English |
---|---|---|
แฉแแแ (chven) | ch-ven | we |
แแฅแแแ (tkven) | tk-ven | you (plural) |
แแกแแแ (isini) | i-si-ni | they |
Dialogue[edit | edit source]
To help you better understand how to use plurals in Georgian, let's see an example dialogue between two people:
- Person 1: แแก แฌแแแแแแ แกแแชแแแจแ แแ แแ แแแ. (Es ts'ignebi sats'avshi ar ari-an.) (These books are not in the box.)
- Person 2: แแก แฌแแแแแแ แ แแแแแแแช? (Es ts'ignebi romel-nits?) (Which books?)
- Person 1: แแก แฌแแแแแแ แแแแแแ แ แแแแขแแชแแแกแแแแกแแ. (Es ts'ignebi mt'avari repetitsiistvisaa.) (These books are for the main library.)
Practice[edit | edit source]
Now that we have reviewed the rules associated with forming plurals in Georgian, let's practice by translating the following sentences into Georgian:
1. The cats are outside. 2. Which trees? 3. The teachers are here. 4. The flowers are beautiful.
Conclusion[edit | edit source]
Plurals are essential in communication, and in Georgian, they are formed through adding "-eb," changing the vowel sound or by irregular means. Practicing plurals with nouns and personal pronouns can be a fun and exciting way to improve your Georgian skills. Remember, to improve your Georgian Grammar, you can also use the Polyglot Club website. Find native speakers and ask them any questions!
โก If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.
โก Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. ๐
Sources[edit | edit source]
- Georgian grammar - Wikipedia
- Georgian Plural
- Georgian/Nouns - Wikibooks, open books for an open world
Finished this lesson? Check out these related lessons: Georgian Grammar โ Adjectives and Adverbs โ Comparison, Accusative Case, โto beโ แงแแคแแ Present Tense & Present Tense.
Videos[edit | edit source]
Learn Georgian with Roni-Grammar(Plural) - YouTube[edit | edit source]
Other Lessons[edit | edit source]
- Preverbs and their functions
- Expression โtraveling by...โ
- Participles of medial verbs
- Conditional Mood
- Future Tense
- Conjugation verbs Present, Past and Future
- The postposition of the Instrumental
- Vocative case markers โโแโ and โโแโ
- โto beโ แงแแคแแ Present Tense
- The postposition of the Dative