Language/Tatar/Grammar/Negation
Hi Tatar learners! 😊
In this lesson, we will learn about negation in Tatar grammar. Negation is used to indicate the opposite or absence of something. It is an important aspect of any language, and in Tatar, it is formed by adding the particle "эш" after the verb.
Basic Negation
The most common way to create a negative sentence in Tatar is to add the particle "эш" at the end of the verb. Let's take an example sentence "Мин ярам" meaning "I run". To make it negative, we add "эш" at the end, like this: "Мин яратмыйш". It means "I am not running".
Let's see some more examples with different verbs:
| Tatar | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| Мин китап укуймын | Min kitap ukuy-myn | I am not reading a book |
| Сез галим яшердеп беләндәккә элеккегез | Sez galim yäşerdep belän-däkkä elekke-gez | You don't seem knowledgeable |
| Уларның аты менә билгеләнмәй идее | Ularnıñ atı menä bilgelänmäy idee | I don't know their names |
| Белән ямыйшка | Belän yamıyşka | Don't eat with your hands |
Double Negation
It is essential to have a clear understanding of double negation in a language to avoid confusing statements. In Tatar, a double negative intensifies the negation. For example, "мен кемәлдән шулай эштерем яңартмыйш" meaning "I won’t fix it at any cost" implies that fixing it is out of the question. It indicates the highest level of negation when used in a sentence.
Placing Negation in a Sentence
In Tatar grammar, Negation particles should always be placed immediately after the verb they negate. In the case of a compound verb, it is placed at the end of the last verb.
An example dialogue to illustrate the use of negation in a sentence:
- Person 1: Максатың нимә? (What's the purpose?)
- Person 2: Максатым мин үткүчелең эшкән мухим булмый (My purpose is not to impress but to do something important)
In this example, Person 2 places the negation "эш" immediately after "үткүчеләгән".
Negative Adverbs
In some cases, an adverb is used to modify a verb's meaning to negative. In Tatar, typical adverbs used for this purpose include "юк", "кере", and "ешьлә". Let's take an example sentence "Уларның аты менә билгеләнмәй идее". Instead of using "эш" at the end, you can place the adverb "ешьлә" before "билгәнәмәй" to obtain the same meaning, "Уларның аты менә ешьлә билгеләнмәй идее".
Using Negation in Questions
To form a negative question in Tatar, you can begin the sentence with "эш" followed by the verb. For example, "Эш тачарсың?" meaning "Aren't you driving?".
Conclusion
In summary, Negation is an essential aspect of Tatar grammar used to indicate the opposite or absence of something. In Tatar, Negation is formed by adding the particle "эш" after the verb. It can also be used with negative adverbs to change the meaning of a sentence. Remember to place negation immediately after the verb it negates, in questions and within compound verbs. To further improve your Tatar Grammar, remember to visit Polyglot Club. Find native speakers and ask them any questions on Tatar grammar!
Sources
Related Lessons
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