Language/Central-pashto/Grammar/Subject-Pronouns
Introduction
In Central Pashto, subject pronouns are used to indicate who or what is performing the action in a sentence. For example, instead of saying "the man ran", you might say "he ran".
Subject pronouns are a fundamental part of the language and play a key role in sentence structure. In this lesson, you will learn about the different forms of subject pronouns in Central Pashto and how to use them in sentences.
Forms of Subject Pronouns
In Central Pashto, there are six different subject pronouns:
| Central Pashto | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| زه | za | I |
| ته | ta | You (singular) |
| وه | wa | He/She/It |
| مونږ | muŋɡa | We |
| تاسو | tasu | You (plural) |
| یونې | juna | They |
As you can see, subject pronouns change depending on who or what is performing the action in a sentence. It is important to memorize these forms and practice using them in order to become proficient in Central Pashto.
Usage of Subject Pronouns
Subject pronouns are typically placed at the beginning of sentences in Central Pashto. Here are a few examples:
- زه کتاب خریدم. (za kitab xaridam) - I bought a book.
- ته کتاب خریدی. (ta kitab xaridi) - You bought a book.
- وه گل پخول. (wa ɡul pa,xol) - He/She/It is picking flowers.
- مونږ کتابونه ویاسته. (muŋɡa kitabuna wiastə) - We are studying books.
- تاسو د کتاب په ځای کړئ. (tasu də kitab pa jai kərə) - You all place the book there.
- یونې لاس پخول. (juna las pa,xol) - They are washing clothes.
As you can see from these examples, subject pronouns are essential for establishing the performer of an action in Central Pashto sentences.
It is also important to note that subject pronouns are often omitted in Central Pashto if the performer of the action is clear from context. For example:
- ښاغله د زاوی سره رفت. (ṣaġala da zawi sara raft) - The worker went to the market. (no subject pronoun is used here)
In this sentence, the subject pronoun is not necessary because the context provides clear information about the performer of the action.
Practice
Now that you have learned about subject pronouns, it's time to practice using them in sentences. Here are a few exercises to help you get started:
- Translate the following sentences into Central Pashto, using the appropriate subject pronoun:
1. They are eating dinner. 2. I am going to school. 3. You (singular) are playing soccer. 4. We are watching a movie. 5. He/She/It is listening to music.
- Translate the following sentences from Central Pashto into English:
1. ته څومره کارونه سره کوم. 2. مونږ پیکر بېروته. 3. تاسو پیغام تلویزیون کیږي. 4. یونې د فوټبال وګمډولو پرمختګ کتلې شوی. 5. وه د کتاب ورکړو لپاره بیا.
Conclusion
Subject pronouns are essential for establishing the performer of an action in Central Pashto sentences. By understanding the different forms of subject pronouns and their usage, you can become proficient in forming simple sentences. With continued practice, you'll be able to use subject pronouns with ease, taking you further along your journey towards mastering Central Pashto!