Language/Central-kurdish/Grammar/Future-Tense
Hi Central Kurdish learners! 😊
In this lesson, we will learn about the future tense in Central Kurdish.
Introduction
The future tense refers to actions or events that will happen at some point after the time of speaking. In Central Kurdish, the future tense is constructed using auxiliary verbs and the infinitive form of the main verb.
Future Marker
To form the future tense in Central Kurdish, we use the auxiliary verb "خواستن" (khwastan) which means "to want". We will use this verb to express the future tense in a positive sentence. It is important to note that the auxiliary verb "خواستن" is always conjugated in the present tense, regardless of the tense of the main verb.
Conjugation of "خواستن"
| Person | Singular Pronouns | Plural Pronouns | Conjugated Verb |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | من (min) | ئینان (ênan) | Xwêrim (خواهم) (khwarem) |
| 2nd person (informal) | تۆ (to) | ئاتان (atan) | Xwêrî (خواهی) (khware) |
| 2nd person (formal) | شما (shoma) | شماوە (shomawe) | Xwêrەید (خواهید) (khwareid) |
| 3rd person (male) | وی (wî) | ئەوان (ewan) | Xwêrad (خواهد) (khwared) |
| 3rd person (female) | وی (wî) | ئەوان (ewan) | Xwêret (خواهد) (khwaret) |
For example:
| Central Kurdish | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| من خواهم بەرنامەی نووسین | min khwarem bernama-ye nûsîn | I will write a new diary |
Negative Sentences
To express the negative future tense, we add the negative particle "نا" (na) before the auxiliary verb "خواستن".
For example:
| Central Kurdish | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| من ناخواهم بەرنامەی نووسین | min nakwarem bernama-ye nûsîn | I will not write a new diary |
Interrogative Sentences
To form a question in the future tense, we start with the auxiliary verb "خواستن" followed by the subject, and then the main verb in the infinitive form.
For example:
| Central Kurdish | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| ئاگر ئیوەی خواهیت بایک بمترین ئەوان بە دەست دەهات؟ | agar îwê xoahîti bajk bê-metirîn ewan be dest dehat? | Will you give the best book to those students? |
Practice Dialogue
- Person 1: شۆما ئەم شوێنە بەرز کەی بانەکان پک بدە؟ (Shoma em shewene berz kei banekan pak bde?) (Can you clean this big room for the children?)
- Person 2: بەڵێ، خواهم بانەکان پک بدە. (Belê, khwarem banekan pak bde.) (Yes, I will clean the room for the children.)
Cultural Insight
In Central Kurdish culture, it is common to use the future tense to talk about plans and intentions. For example, it is common to use the future tense to discuss what one will do on a certain day or what one's goals are for the future.
Conclusion
In this lesson, we learned about the future tense in Central Kurdish. Remember to practice your new skills with native speakers and ask them any questions! You can also improve your Central Kurdish Grammar further by using the Polyglot Club website.
➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.
➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎
Sources