Difference between revisions of "Language/Slovak/Grammar/Prepositions"

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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Slovak|Slovak]]  → [[Language/Slovak/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Slovak/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Prepositions</div>
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<div class="pg_page_title">Slovak Grammar → Unit 5: Cases and Prepositions → Prepositions</div>
In this lesson, we will explore the topic of prepositions in the Slovak language. Prepositions are an essential part of any language as they help us understand and express relationships between different elements in a sentence. By mastering prepositions, you will be able to communicate more effectively in Slovak and improve your overall language skills.


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Throughout this lesson, we will delve into the details of prepositions, including their different forms and when to use them. We will provide numerous examples to illustrate each point and ensure that you have a clear understanding of how to use prepositions correctly.


As a Slovak language teacher, I always tell my students that prepositions are important to understand the meaning of a sentence. Prepositions are words that establish connections between other words in a sentence. In Slovak grammar, prepositions usually precede nouns or pronouns and can indicate direction, location, time or manner. In this lesson, we will learn how to use prepositions in Slovak.
Before we begin, it is important to note that the usage of prepositions can vary across different regions or dialects of the Slovak language. We will explore any regional variations in the usage or understanding of prepositions and discuss any historical reasons for these differences. This will provide you with a deeper insight into the cultural and linguistic context of the Slovak language.


Let's start by exploring the basic function of prepositions in Slovak. Prepositions are words that establish a connection between other words in a sentence. They typically indicate location, direction, time, manner, or the relationship between two elements. For example, in the sentence "Na stole leží kniha" (The book is lying on the table), the preposition "na" (on) indicates the location of the book in relation to the table.


<span link>After mastering this lesson, these related pages might interest you: [[Language/Slovak/Grammar/Questions|Questions]] & [[Language/Slovak/Grammar/The-Present-Tense-of-Regular-Verbs|The Present Tense of Regular Verbs]].</span>
Slovak prepositions can take different forms depending on the case they are used with. As you may have learned in previous lessons, Slovak is a highly inflected language, meaning that nouns, pronouns, and adjectives change their form based on their grammatical case. Prepositions are no exception to this rule.
== Basic Prepositions ==


Let's start with some basic prepositions that you will use frequently:
Here is a table illustrating the different forms of the preposition "na" (on) in Slovak:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Slovak !! Pronunciation !! English
! Slovak !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| s || [s] || with
| na + Nominative || na || on
|-
|-
| na || [na] || on
| na + Locative || na || on the
|-
|-
| v || [v] || in
| na + Accusative || na || onto
|-
|-
| do || [do] || to, into
| na + Instrumental || na || on the (with)
|-
|-
| za || [za] || behind
| na + Dative || na || on the (to)
|-
| pred || [preːd] || in front of
|-
| pod || [pɔt] || under, below
|-
| nad || [naːt] || over, above
|-
| medzi || [mɛd.zɪ] || between
|}
|}


Here are some examples of these prepositions being used:
As you can see from the table above, the preposition "na" changes its form depending on the case it is used with. This is just one example, and there are many other prepositions in Slovak that follow similar patterns. It is important to familiarize yourself with these different forms and practice using them in context.
* "Idem s mojím priateľom." (I am going with my friend.)
* "Mobil je na stole." (The phone is on the table.)
* "Kniha je vo vrecku." (The book is in the pocket.)
* "Chodím do školy." (I go to school.)
* "Mačka behá za myšou." (The cat is chasing the mouse.)
* "Babička stojí pred domom." (Grandmother is standing in front of the house.)
* "Kočka spí pod stolom." (The cat is sleeping under the table.)
* "Letadlo letí nad mestom." (The plane is flying over the city.)
* "Medzi nami sa nič nestalo." (Nothing happened between us.)


== Prepositions with Cases ==
Now, let's explore some common prepositions in Slovak and their usage:


In Slovak, prepositions can be used with different cases. The most common prepositions with cases are:
1. "V" (in, at)
  - V kuchyni je veľa jedla. (There is a lot of food in the kitchen.)
  - V pondelok idem do práce. (I go to work on Monday.)


=== Prepositions with Genitive ===
2. "Pod" (under)
  - Pod stolom je kôš na odpadky. (There is a trash bin under the table.)
  - Pod stromom je tieň. (There is shade under the tree.)


The following prepositions are commonly used with the genitive case:
3. "Pred" (in front of, before)
  - Pred domom je parkovisko. (There is a parking lot in front of the house.)
  - Pred obedom si umyjem ruky. (I wash my hands before lunch.)


{| class="wikitable"
4. "Po" (after)
! Slovak !! Pronunciation !! English
  - Po škole idem na tréning. (I go to practice after school.)
|-
  - Po večeri si čítam knihu. (I read a book after dinner.)
| bez || [bɛs] || without
|-
| z || [z] || from
|-
| od || [od] || from
|-
| pred || [preːd] || before, in front of
|-
| podľa || [pɔdʎa] || according to
|-
| okolo || [ɔkɔlɔ] || around
|-
| mimo || [mɪmɔ] || aside from, except
|-
| vďaka || [vdaka] || thanks to
|}


Here are some examples of these prepositions being used with the genitive case:
5. "S" (with)
* "Je bez peňazí." (He is without money.)
  - Idem na prechádzku s priateľom. (I am going for a walk with a friend.)
* "Idem z práce." (I am going from work.)
  - Objednala som si pizzu s hubami. (I ordered a pizza with mushrooms.)
* "Je od svojej rodiny." (He is from his family.)
* "Pred domom stojí auto." (There is a car in front of the house.)
* "Podľa mňa je to v poriadku." (In my opinion, it's okay.)
* "Okolo domu rastú stromy." (Trees are growing around the house.)
* "Mimo toho neviem o ničom." (Aside from that, I don't know anything.)
* "Vďaka tebe sme vyhrali." (Thanks to you, we won.)


=== Prepositions with Accusative ===
Now that we have covered some common prepositions in Slovak, let's move on to some practice exercises.


The following prepositions are commonly used with the accusative case:
Exercise 1:
Complete the following sentences with the appropriate preposition:


{| class="wikitable"
1. Knihu som položil ____ stôl.
! Slovak !! Pronunciation !! English
2. Idem ____ kino s bratom.
|-
3. Po večeri si zvyknem ísť ____ prechádzku.
| cez || [tse.s] || across, over
4. Pred školou stojí autobus.
|-
5. V lete chodíme ____ pláž.
| do || [do] || into, to
|-
| na || [na] || onto
|-
| o || [ɔ] || about
|-
| po || [pɔ] || after, along, following
|-
| pod || [pɔt] || under
|-
| pred || [preːd] || ahead of
|}


Here are some examples of these prepositions being used with the accusative case:
Solution:
* "Prechádzam cez park." (I am walking across the park.)
1. Knihu som položil na stôl. (The book is lying on the table.)
* "Ideme do kina." (We are going to the cinema.)
2. Idem do kina s bratom. (I am going to the cinema with my brother.)
* "Kniha leží na stol." (The book is lying on the table.)
3. Po večeri si zvyknem ísť na prechádzku. (I usually go for a walk after dinner.)
* "Hovoríme o tebe." (We are talking about you.)
4. Pred školou stojí autobus. (The bus is standing in front of the school.)
* "Po ceste stretla som Janu." (I met Jana on the way.)
5. V lete chodíme na pláž. (In summer, we go to the beach.)
* "Pod stol si nedaj nohy." (Don't put your feet under the table.)
* "Pred sebou máme ťažkú úlohu." (We have a difficult task ahead of us.)


=== Prepositions with Locative ===
Exercise 2:
Translate the following sentences into Slovak:


The following prepositions are commonly used with the locative case:
1. I live in a small apartment.
2. The cat is sleeping on the couch.
3. We are going to the mountains on Saturday.
4. The concert starts at 8 o'clock.
5. She is studying with her friends.


{| class="wikitable"
Solution:
! Slovak !! Pronunciation !! English
1. Bývam v malom byte.
|-
2. Mačka spí na pohovke.
| v || [v] || in, at
3. V sobotu ideme do hôr.
|-
4. Koncert začína o ôsmej.
| na || [na] || on, at
5. Ona sa učí so svojimi priateľmi.
|-
| po || [pɔ] || on, after, along
|-
| pri || [priː] || near, with
|}
 
Here are some examples of these prepositions being used with the locative case:
* "Robíme v kancelárii." (We work in the office.)
* "Kniha je na polici." (The book is on the shelf.)
* "Po obede si čítam." (I read after lunch.)
* "Stojím pri dome." (I am standing by the house.)
 
== Combining Prepositions ==


Prepositions can also be combined with each other:
Congratulations! You have successfully completed the practice exercises. By applying what you have learned in this lesson, you are well on your way to mastering the usage of prepositions in Slovak.


* "Idem do školy cez park." (I am going to school through the park.)
In this lesson, we have explored the importance of prepositions in the Slovak language and provided a comprehensive overview of their usage. We have covered different forms of prepositions based on the case they are used with and provided numerous examples to illustrate their usage in context. Additionally, we have included practice exercises to reinforce your understanding of the topic.
* "Kniha leží na stole pred oknom." (The book is lying on the table in front of the window.)
* "Ideme na prechádzku popod most." (We are going for a walk under the bridge.)
* "Kočka sa schováva pod posteľou." (The cat is hiding under the bed.)


== Conclusion ==
Remember to practice using prepositions in your everyday conversations and written exercises to further solidify your knowledge. The more you engage with the language, the more natural and intuitive the usage of prepositions will become.


Prepositions can be tricky, but with practice, you will start to understand how they work in Slovak. Remember that prepositions can indicate direction, location, time, or manner, and can be used with different cases. Use the examples in this lesson to practice your understanding of prepositions in Slovak. Good luck!
Keep up the great work, and I look forward to our next lesson together!


<span link>Great work on completing this lesson! Take a moment to investigate these connected pages: [[Language/Slovak/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]] & [[Language/Slovak/Grammar/Adjectives|Adjectives]].</span>
{{#seo:
{{#seo:
|title=Slovak Grammar Lesson: How to Use Prepositions in Slovak
|title=Slovak Grammar → Prepositions
|keywords=Slovak grammar, prepositions, how to use prepositions in Slovak
|keywords=Slovak grammar, prepositions, Slovak language, Slovak course, learn Slovak, Slovak lessons
|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to use prepositions in Slovak, including their different forms and when to use them.
|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to use prepositions in Slovak, including their different forms and when to use them. Explore the cultural context and practice exercises to improve your language skills.
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==Sources==
* [https://www.colanguage.com/slovak-prepositions Slovak prepositions | coLanguage]
* [http://learn101.org/slovak_grammar.php Slovak Grammar | LEARN101.ORG]


==Other Lessons==
==Other Lessons==
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* [[Language/Slovak/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]]
* [[Language/Slovak/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]]


<span class='maj'></span>
 
==Sources==
* [https://www.colanguage.com/slovak-prepositions Slovak prepositions | coLanguage]
* [http://learn101.org/slovak_grammar.php Slovak Grammar | LEARN101.ORG]


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Latest revision as of 07:45, 19 June 2023

◀️ The Locative Case — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Regions of Slovakia ▶️

Slovak-Language-PolyglotClub.png
Slovak → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Prepositions

In this lesson, we will explore the topic of prepositions in the Slovak language. Prepositions are an essential part of any language as they help us understand and express relationships between different elements in a sentence. By mastering prepositions, you will be able to communicate more effectively in Slovak and improve your overall language skills.

Throughout this lesson, we will delve into the details of prepositions, including their different forms and when to use them. We will provide numerous examples to illustrate each point and ensure that you have a clear understanding of how to use prepositions correctly.

Before we begin, it is important to note that the usage of prepositions can vary across different regions or dialects of the Slovak language. We will explore any regional variations in the usage or understanding of prepositions and discuss any historical reasons for these differences. This will provide you with a deeper insight into the cultural and linguistic context of the Slovak language.

Let's start by exploring the basic function of prepositions in Slovak. Prepositions are words that establish a connection between other words in a sentence. They typically indicate location, direction, time, manner, or the relationship between two elements. For example, in the sentence "Na stole leží kniha" (The book is lying on the table), the preposition "na" (on) indicates the location of the book in relation to the table.

Slovak prepositions can take different forms depending on the case they are used with. As you may have learned in previous lessons, Slovak is a highly inflected language, meaning that nouns, pronouns, and adjectives change their form based on their grammatical case. Prepositions are no exception to this rule.

Here is a table illustrating the different forms of the preposition "na" (on) in Slovak:

Slovak Pronunciation English
na + Nominative na on
na + Locative na on the
na + Accusative na onto
na + Instrumental na on the (with)
na + Dative na on the (to)

As you can see from the table above, the preposition "na" changes its form depending on the case it is used with. This is just one example, and there are many other prepositions in Slovak that follow similar patterns. It is important to familiarize yourself with these different forms and practice using them in context.

Now, let's explore some common prepositions in Slovak and their usage:

1. "V" (in, at) 

  - V kuchyni je veľa jedla. (There is a lot of food in the kitchen.)
  - V pondelok idem do práce. (I go to work on Monday.)

2. "Pod" (under) 

  - Pod stolom je kôš na odpadky. (There is a trash bin under the table.)
  - Pod stromom je tieň. (There is shade under the tree.)

3. "Pred" (in front of, before) 

  - Pred domom je parkovisko. (There is a parking lot in front of the house.)
  - Pred obedom si umyjem ruky. (I wash my hands before lunch.)

4. "Po" (after) 

  - Po škole idem na tréning. (I go to practice after school.)
  - Po večeri si čítam knihu. (I read a book after dinner.)

5. "S" (with) 

  - Idem na prechádzku s priateľom. (I am going for a walk with a friend.)
  - Objednala som si pizzu s hubami. (I ordered a pizza with mushrooms.)

Now that we have covered some common prepositions in Slovak, let's move on to some practice exercises.

Exercise 1: Complete the following sentences with the appropriate preposition:

1. Knihu som položil ____ stôl. 2. Idem ____ kino s bratom. 3. Po večeri si zvyknem ísť ____ prechádzku. 4. Pred školou stojí autobus. 5. V lete chodíme ____ pláž.

Solution: 1. Knihu som položil na stôl. (The book is lying on the table.) 2. Idem do kina s bratom. (I am going to the cinema with my brother.) 3. Po večeri si zvyknem ísť na prechádzku. (I usually go for a walk after dinner.) 4. Pred školou stojí autobus. (The bus is standing in front of the school.) 5. V lete chodíme na pláž. (In summer, we go to the beach.)

Exercise 2: Translate the following sentences into Slovak:

1. I live in a small apartment. 2. The cat is sleeping on the couch. 3. We are going to the mountains on Saturday. 4. The concert starts at 8 o'clock. 5. She is studying with her friends.

Solution: 1. Bývam v malom byte. 2. Mačka spí na pohovke. 3. V sobotu ideme do hôr. 4. Koncert začína o ôsmej. 5. Ona sa učí so svojimi priateľmi.

Congratulations! You have successfully completed the practice exercises. By applying what you have learned in this lesson, you are well on your way to mastering the usage of prepositions in Slovak.

In this lesson, we have explored the importance of prepositions in the Slovak language and provided a comprehensive overview of their usage. We have covered different forms of prepositions based on the case they are used with and provided numerous examples to illustrate their usage in context. Additionally, we have included practice exercises to reinforce your understanding of the topic.

Remember to practice using prepositions in your everyday conversations and written exercises to further solidify your knowledge. The more you engage with the language, the more natural and intuitive the usage of prepositions will become.

Keep up the great work, and I look forward to our next lesson together!

Table of Contents - Slovak Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Unit 1: Greetings and Introductions


Unit 2: Nouns, Pronouns, and Verbs in the Present Tense


Unit 3: Slovak Culture and Society


Unit 4: Daily Activities and Routine


Unit 5: Cases and Prepositions


Unit 6: Slovak Geography and Nature


Unit 7: Travel and Transportation


Unit 8: Adjectives and Adverbs


Unit 9: Slovak Art and Music


Unit 10: Time and Dates


Sources[edit | edit source]


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



◀️ The Locative Case — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Regions of Slovakia ▶️

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