Difference between revisions of "Language/Croatian/Grammar/Personal-Pronouns"

Latest revision as of 04:17, 18 June 2023

◀️ Nouns: Gender and Number — Previous Lesson	Next Lesson — Numbers 1-100 ▶️

Croatian → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Nouns and Pronouns → Personal Pronouns

Introduction[edit | edit source]

Welcome to the lesson on Croatian personal pronouns! In this lesson, we will explore the different forms and usage of personal pronouns in the Croatian language. Personal pronouns are an essential part of any language, as they allow us to refer to ourselves and others in a sentence without constantly repeating nouns. Understanding personal pronouns is crucial for effective communication in Croatian.

Throughout this lesson, we will delve into the various forms of personal pronouns in Croatian and how they change depending on the case they are used in. We will also practice using personal pronouns in sentences and recognizing their role in a sentence. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid understanding of Croatian personal pronouns and be able to use them confidently in your conversations.

Let's begin!

Forms of Personal Pronouns[edit | edit source]

In Croatian, personal pronouns change their form based on the case they are used in. The cases in Croatian are nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, vocative, and locative. Each case has its own specific form for personal pronouns. Let's take a look at the different forms of personal pronouns in each case:

Nominative Case[edit | edit source]

The nominative case is used for the subject of a sentence. Here are the forms of personal pronouns in the nominative case:

Croatian	Pronunciation	English
Ja	yah	I
Ti	tee	you (singular)
On/Ona/Ono	on/onah/onoh	he/she/it
Mi	mee	we
Vi	vee	you (plural)
Oni/One/Ona	onee/oneh/onah	they (masculine/feminine/neuter)

Genitive Case[edit | edit source]

The genitive case is used to indicate possession or to show the relationship between two nouns. Here are the forms of personal pronouns in the genitive case:

Croatian	Pronunciation	English
Mene	meh-neh	me
Tebe	teh-beh	you (singular)
Njega/Nju/Njega	nyeh-gah/nyoo/nyeh-gah	him/her/it
Nas	nahs	us
Vas	vahs	you (plural)
Njih	nyeeh	them

Dative Case[edit | edit source]

The dative case is used to indicate the indirect object of a sentence or to show the recipient of an action. Here are the forms of personal pronouns in the dative case:

Croatian	Pronunciation	English
Meni	meh-nee	to/for me
Tebi	teh-bee	to/for you (singular)
Njemu/Njoj/Njemu	nyeh-moo/nyoy/nyeh-moo	to/for him/her/it
Nama	nah-mah	to/for us
Vama	vah-mah	to/for you (plural)
Njima	nyee-mah	to/for them

Accusative Case[edit | edit source]

The accusative case is used to indicate the direct object of a sentence. Here are the forms of personal pronouns in the accusative case:

Croatian	Pronunciation	English
Mene	meh-neh	me
Tebe	teh-beh	you (singular)
Njega/Nju/Njega	nyeh-gah/nyoo/nyeh-gah	him/her/it
Nas	nahs	us
Vas	vahs	you (plural)
Njih	nyeeh	them

Vocative Case[edit | edit source]

The vocative case is used when directly addressing someone or something. Here are the forms of personal pronouns in the vocative case:

Croatian	Pronunciation	English
Oj	oy	oh
Ti	tee	you (singular)
Oj/Oj/Oj	oy/oy/oy	oh
Mi	mee	we
Vi	vee	you (plural)
Oj/Oj/Oj	oy/oy/oy	oh

Locative Case[edit | edit source]

The locative case is used to indicate location or to show where an action takes place. Here are the forms of personal pronouns in the locative case:

Croatian	Pronunciation	English
Meni	meh-nee	to/in/at me
Tebi	teh-bee	to/in/at you (singular)
Njemu/Njoj/Njemu	nyeh-moo/nyoy/nyeh-moo	to/in/at him/her/it
Nama	nah-mah	to/in/at us
Vama	vah-mah	to/in/at you (plural)
Njima	nyee-mah	to/in/at them

Cultural Insight: Regional Variations[edit | edit source]

It's important to note that personal pronouns can vary slightly in different regions of Croatia. While the forms we have discussed so far are generally used throughout the country, there may be some regional differences in pronunciation or usage. For example, in some regions, the pronoun "Vi" (you plural) may be replaced with "Više" or "Vas dvoje" to address a group of people.

These regional variations add richness and diversity to the Croatian language and reflect the unique cultural identities within Croatia. As you continue your language learning journey, you may come across these regional differences and it's always interesting to explore and embrace them.

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now that we have covered the forms of personal pronouns in Croatian, let's practice using them in sentences and recognizing their role in a sentence. Try to complete the following exercises by filling in the blanks with the appropriate personal pronoun:

Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks with the correct personal pronoun in the nominative case.

____ volim hrvatski jezik. (I love the Croatian language.)
____ si danas? (How are you today?)
____ je Ana? (Where is Ana?)
____ smo učili jučer? (What did we learn yesterday?)
____ ste došli? (Why did you come?)
____ su moji prijatelji. (They are my friends.)

Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks with the correct personal pronoun in the accusative case.

Vidim ____ na ulici. (I see him/her on the street.)
Pozdravite ____! (Say hello to them!)
Ona ____ voli. (She loves me.)
____ možeš pozvati za pomoć. (You can call us for help.)
____ ne razumijem. (I don't understand you.)
Njih ____ čekamo već sat vremena. (We have been waiting for them for an hour.)

Exercise 3: Fill in the blanks with the correct personal pronoun in the locative case.

Živim s ____ u Zagrebu. (I live with them in Zagreb.)
Dođi k ____! (Come to me!)
____ smo vidjeli sinoć na koncertu. (We saw you last night at the concert.)
____ ideš? (Where are you going?)
S ____ idemo na more. (We are going to the sea with them.)
____ čekamo ispred restorana. (We are waiting for you in front of the restaurant.)

Take your time to complete the exercises and then check your answers below:

Exercise 1:

Ja volim hrvatski jezik. (I love the Croatian language.)
Kako si danas? (How are you today?)
Gdje je Ana? (Where is Ana?)
Što smo učili jučer? (What did we learn yesterday?)
Zašto ste došli? (Why did you come?)
Oni su moji prijatelji. (They are my friends.)

Exercise 2:

Vidim ga/je na ulici. (I see him/her on the street.)
Pozdravite ih! (Say hello to them!)
Ona me voli. (She loves me.)
Možete nas pozvati za pomoć. (You can call us for help.)
Tebe ne razumijem. (I don't understand you.)
Njih čekamo već sat vremena. (We have been waiting for them for an hour.)

Exercise 3:

Živim s njima u Zagrebu. (I live with them in Zagreb.)
Dođi k meni! (Come to me!)
Vas smo vidjeli sinoć na koncertu. (We saw you last night at the concert.)
Kamo ideš? (Where are you going?)
S njima idemo na more. (We are going to the sea with them.)
Vas čekamo ispred restorana. (We are waiting for you in front of the restaurant.)

Great job! You have successfully completed the practice exercises.

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

Congratulations on completing the lesson on Croatian personal pronouns! In this lesson, you have learned about the different forms of personal pronouns in Croatian and how they change based on the case they are used in. You have also practiced using personal pronouns in sentences and recognizing their role in a sentence.

Personal pronouns are a fundamental part of the Croatian language, and mastering them will greatly enhance your ability to communicate effectively. As you continue your language learning journey, make sure to practice using personal pronouns in various contexts to further solidify your understanding.

Keep up the great work and continue exploring the fascinating world of the Croatian language and culture!

Table of Contents - Croatian Course - 0 to A1[edit source]

Course Presentation

Greetings and Introductions

Nouns and Pronouns

Numbers and Time

Verbs and Tenses

Daily Activities

Adjectives and Adverbs

Food and Drink

Croatian Culture and Traditions

Videos[edit | edit source]

Learn Croatian: Personal pronouns - YouTube[edit | edit source]

Sources[edit | edit source]

Other Lessons[edit | edit source]

◀️ Nouns: Gender and Number — Previous Lesson	Next Lesson — Numbers 1-100 ▶️

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 <span pgnav>
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 {{Croatian-Page-Top}}
 <div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Croatian|Croatian]]  → [[Language/Croatian/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Croatian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Nouns and Pronouns → Personal Pronouns</div>
 __TOC__
-In this lesson, we will dive into Croatian personal pronouns and their different forms according to the case they are used in. It might seem complicated at first, but with practice and patience, you will master it in no time!
+== Introduction ==
+Welcome to the lesson on Croatian personal pronouns! In this lesson, we will explore the different forms and usage of personal pronouns in the Croatian language. Personal pronouns are an essential part of any language, as they allow us to refer to ourselves and others in a sentence without constantly repeating nouns. Understanding personal pronouns is crucial for effective communication in Croatian.
-<span link>With the completion of this lesson, consider investigating these related pages: [[Language/Croatian/Grammar/Nouns|Nouns]] & [[Language/Croatian/Grammar/Plurals|Plurals]].</span>
+Throughout this lesson, we will delve into the various forms of personal pronouns in Croatian and how they change depending on the case they are used in. We will also practice using personal pronouns in sentences and recognizing their role in a sentence. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid understanding of Croatian personal pronouns and be able to use them confidently in your conversations.
-== Personal Pronouns ==
-Personal pronouns are used to replace a noun in a sentence, representing the person or thing that is being referred to. In Croatian, personal pronouns can have different forms depending on the case they are used in. There are seven cases in Croatian grammar: Nominative, Genitive, Dative, Accusative, Vocative, Locative, and Instrumental.
+Let's begin!
-Let's take a look at the different forms of personal pronouns in each case:
+== Forms of Personal Pronouns ==
+In Croatian, personal pronouns change their form based on the case they are used in. The cases in Croatian are nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, vocative, and locative. Each case has its own specific form for personal pronouns. Let's take a look at the different forms of personal pronouns in each case:
+=== Nominative Case ===
+The nominative case is used for the subject of a sentence. Here are the forms of personal pronouns in the nominative case:
 {| class="wikitable"
 ! Croatian !! Pronunciation !! English
 |-
-| ja || yah || I (nominative)
+| Ja || yah || I
+|-
+| Ti || tee || you (singular)
+|-
+| On/Ona/Ono || on/onah/onoh || he/she/it
+|-
+| Mi || mee || we
+|-
+| Vi || vee || you (plural)
 |-
-| mene || meh-neh || me (genitive)
+| Oni/One/Ona || onee/oneh/onah || they (masculine/feminine/neuter)
+|}
+=== Genitive Case ===
+The genitive case is used to indicate possession or to show the relationship between two nouns. Here are the forms of personal pronouns in the genitive case:
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Croatian !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| Mene || meh-neh || me
 |-
-| meni || meh-nee || to me (dative)
+| Tebe || teh-beh || you (singular)
 |-
-| me || meh || me (accusative)
+| Njega/Nju/Njega || nyeh-gah/nyoo/nyeh-gah || him/her/it
 |-
-| o || oh || O (vocative)
+| Nas || nahs || us
 |-
-| o meni || oh meh-nee || about me, of me (locative)
+| Vas || vahs || you (plural)
 |-
-| mnom || mnohm || with me, by me (instrumental)
+| Njih || nyeeh || them
 |}
-Please note that the third person singular pronouns in Croatian do not have gender distinction (unlike in English where "he" and "she" are used). Instead, there are separate pronouns for animate and inanimate nouns. Below is a table showing the different forms of third person singular personal pronouns:
+=== Dative Case ===
+The dative case is used to indicate the indirect object of a sentence or to show the recipient of an action. Here are the forms of personal pronouns in the dative case:
 {| class="wikitable"
 ! Croatian !! Pronunciation !! English
 |-
-| on || own || he, it (animate masculine)
+| Meni || meh-nee || to/for me
+|-
+| Tebi || teh-bee || to/for you (singular)
 |-
-| ona || oh-nuh || she, it (animate feminine)
+| Njemu/Njoj/Njemu || nyeh-moo/nyoy/nyeh-moo || to/for him/her/it
 |-
-| ono || oh-noh || it (animate neuter)
+| Nama || nah-mah || to/for us
 |-
-| to || toh || it (inanimate)
+| Vama || vah-mah || to/for you (plural)
 |-
-| njega/nje || n'yeh-gah/n'yeh || him, her, it (genitive)
+| Njima || nyee-mah || to/for them
+|}
+=== Accusative Case ===
+The accusative case is used to indicate the direct object of a sentence. Here are the forms of personal pronouns in the accusative case:
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Croatian !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| Mene || meh-neh || me
+|-
+| Tebe || teh-beh || you (singular)
 |-
-| njemu/njoj || n'yeh-moo/n'yoh-y || to him, to her, to it (dative)
+| Njega/Nju/Njega || nyeh-gah/nyoo/nyeh-gah || him/her/it
 |-
-| ga, je, ju || gah, yeh, yoo || him, it, her (accusative)
+| Nas || nahs || us
 |-
-| njime || n'yee-meh || him, her, it (instrumental)
+| Vas || vahs || you (plural)
 |-
-| o njemu/o njoj/o tome || oh n'yeh-moo/oh nyoh-y/oh toh-meh|| about him, about her, about it (locative)
+| Njih || nyeeh || them
 |}
-Take some time to practice the pronunciation of these pronouns, and try to memorize the different forms according to the cases they are used in.
+=== Vocative Case ===
-== Examples ==
+The vocative case is used when directly addressing someone or something. Here are the forms of personal pronouns in the vocative case:
-Let's see some examples of how to use personal pronouns in sentences:
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Croatian !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| Oj || oy || oh
+|-
+| Ti || tee || you (singular)
+|-
+| Oj/Oj/Oj || oy/oy/oy || oh
+|-
+| Mi || mee || we
+|-
+| Vi || vee || you (plural)
+|-
+| Oj/Oj/Oj || oy/oy/oy || oh
+|}
-* Ja sam studentica. (I am a student.) - nominative
+=== Locative Case ===
-* Sviđa mi se tvoj auto. (I like your car.) - dative
-* Vidio sam ju danas. (I saw her today.) - accusative (referencing an animate feminine noun)
-* Volim to dvorište. (I love that backyard.) - accusative (referencing an inanimate noun)
-Take note of how the personal pronouns change depending on the case the sentence is in. This is a crucial element of Croatian grammar, and mastering it will greatly benefit your overall language skills.
+The locative case is used to indicate location or to show where an action takes place. Here are the forms of personal pronouns in the locative case:
-== Pronoun Order ==
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Croatian !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| Meni || meh-nee || to/in/at me
+|-
+| Tebi || teh-bee || to/in/at you (singular)
+|-
+| Njemu/Njoj/Njemu || nyeh-moo/nyoy/nyeh-moo || to/in/at him/her/it
+|-
+| Nama || nah-mah || to/in/at us
+|-
+| Vama || vah-mah || to/in/at you (plural)
+|-
+| Njima || nyee-mah || to/in/at them
+|}
+== Cultural Insight: Regional Variations ==
+It's important to note that personal pronouns can vary slightly in different regions of Croatia. While the forms we have discussed so far are generally used throughout the country, there may be some regional differences in pronunciation or usage. For example, in some regions, the pronoun "Vi" (you plural) may be replaced with "Više" or "Vas dvoje" to address a group of people.
-In Croatian, the order of personal pronouns can change depending on the emphasis you want to give to a certain word. However, the general rule is to put the verb first, followed by the pronoun or pronouns. For example:
+These regional variations add richness and diversity to the Croatian language and reflect the unique cultural identities within Croatia. As you continue your language learning journey, you may come across these regional differences and it's always interesting to explore and embrace them.
-* Volim te. (I love you.)
+== Practice Exercises ==
-* Tebe volim. (It is you that I love.)
-* Ljubav te čini sretnom. (Love makes you happy.)
-* Te čini ljubav sretnom. (It is love that makes you happy.)
-As you can see, the order of the pronouns changes depending on the emphasis you want to give to a certain word. However, this is something that you will start to get a feel for as you practice speaking Croatian more and more.
+Now that we have covered the forms of personal pronouns in Croatian, let's practice using them in sentences and recognizing their role in a sentence. Try to complete the following exercises by filling in the blanks with the appropriate personal pronoun:
+Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks with the correct personal pronoun in the nominative case.
+* ____ volim hrvatski jezik. (I love the Croatian language.)
+* ____ si danas? (How are you today?)
+* ____ je Ana? (Where is Ana?)
+* ____ smo učili jučer? (What did we learn yesterday?)
+* ____ ste došli? (Why did you come?)
+* ____ su moji prijatelji. (They are my friends.)
+Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks with the correct personal pronoun in the accusative case.
+* Vidim ____ na ulici. (I see him/her on the street.)
+* Pozdravite ____! (Say hello to them!)
+* Ona ____ voli. (She loves me.)
+* ____ možeš pozvati za pomoć. (You can call us for help.)
+* ____ ne razumijem. (I don't understand you.)
+* Njih ____ čekamo već sat vremena. (We have been waiting for them for an hour.)
+Exercise 3: Fill in the blanks with the correct personal pronoun in the locative case.
+* Živim s ____ u Zagrebu. (I live with them in Zagreb.)
+* Dođi k ____! (Come to me!)
+* ____ smo vidjeli sinoć na koncertu. (We saw you last night at the concert.)
+* ____ ideš? (Where are you going?)
+* S ____ idemo na more. (We are going to the sea with them.)
+* ____ čekamo ispred restorana. (We are waiting for you in front of the restaurant.)
+Take your time to complete the exercises and then check your answers below:
+Exercise 1:
+* Ja volim hrvatski jezik. (I love the Croatian language.)
+* Kako si danas? (How are you today?)
+* Gdje je Ana? (Where is Ana?)
+* Što smo učili jučer? (What did we learn yesterday?)
+* Zašto ste došli? (Why did you come?)
+* Oni su moji prijatelji. (They are my friends.)
+Exercise 2:
+* Vidim ga/je na ulici. (I see him/her on the street.)
+* Pozdravite ih! (Say hello to them!)
+* Ona me voli. (She loves me.)
+* Možete nas pozvati za pomoć. (You can call us for help.)
+* Tebe ne razumijem. (I don't understand you.)
+* Njih čekamo već sat vremena. (We have been waiting for them for an hour.)
+Exercise 3:
+* Živim s njima u Zagrebu. (I live with them in Zagreb.)
+* Dođi k meni! (Come to me!)
+* Vas smo vidjeli sinoć na koncertu. (We saw you last night at the concert.)
+* Kamo ideš? (Where are you going?)
+* S njima idemo na more. (We are going to the sea with them.)
+* Vas čekamo ispred restorana. (We are waiting for you in front of the restaurant.)
+Great job! You have successfully completed the practice exercises.
 == Conclusion ==
-Congratulations, you have completed the Personal Pronouns lesson! It might seem complex at first, but with practice and patience, it will become second nature to you. Remember to pay attention to the different forms of personal pronouns according to the case they are used in, and try to practice using them in sentences as much as possible. In the next lesson, we will dive into the Numbers and Time, so get ready to learn how to count and tell time in Croatian!
+Congratulations on completing the lesson on Croatian personal pronouns! In this lesson, you have learned about the different forms of personal pronouns in Croatian and how they change based on the case they are used in. You have also practiced using personal pronouns in sentences and recognizing their role in a sentence.
+Personal pronouns are a fundamental part of the Croatian language, and mastering them will greatly enhance your ability to communicate effectively. As you continue your language learning journey, make sure to practice using personal pronouns in various contexts to further solidify your understanding.
+Keep up the great work and continue exploring the fascinating world of the Croatian language and culture!
-<span link>Finished this lesson? Check out these related lessons: [[Language/Croatian/Grammar/Nouns-and-Cases|Nouns and Cases]] & [[Language/Croatian/Grammar/Give-your-Opinion|Give your Opinion]].</span>
 {{#seo:
-|title=Croatian Grammar - Nouns and Pronouns - Personal Pronouns
+|title=Croatian Grammar → Nouns and Pronouns → Personal Pronouns
-|keywords=Croatian, personal pronouns, Croatian grammar, nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, vocative, locative, instrumental, number and gender, animate and inanimate, pronoun order, lesson
+|keywords=Croatian grammar, Croatian personal pronouns, Croatian language, Croatian course, Croatian lesson, learn Croatian
-|description=In this lesson, you will learn about Croatian personal pronouns and their different forms according to the case they are used in. You'll also practice how to use personal pronouns in sentences and recognize their role in a sentence.}}
+|description=In this lesson, you will learn about Croatian personal pronouns and their different forms according to the case they are used in. Practice using them in sentences and recognizing their role in a sentence.}}
 {{Croatian-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}
@@ Line 106: / Line 227: @@
 [[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
 [[Category:Croatian-0-to-A1-Course]]
-<span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-3.5-turbo></span> <span temperature=1></span>
+<span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-3.5-turbo-16k></span> <span temperature=0.7></span>
 ==Videos==
@@ Line 112: / Line 233: @@
 ===Learn Croatian: Personal pronouns - YouTube===
 <youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EO-NRom4WD8</youtube>
+==Sources==
+* [https://learn-croatian.com/detailed-and-easy-introduction-to-personal-pronouns-in-croatian/ Detailed and Easy Introduction to Personal Pronouns in Croatian]
+* [https://www.colanguage.com/croatian-personal-pronouns Croatian personal pronouns | coLanguage]
+* [https://speakcro.com/croatian-language-and-grammar/what-types-of-pronouns-are-there-in-the-croatian-language/ What types of pronouns are there in the Croatian language ...]
 ==Other Lessons==
@@ Line 124: / Line 254: @@
 * [[Language/Croatian/Grammar/Adjectives:-Gender-and-Number|Adjectives: Gender and Number]]
-<span class='maj'></span>
-==Sources==
-* [https://learn-croatian.com/detailed-and-easy-introduction-to-personal-pronouns-in-croatian/ Detailed and Easy Introduction to Personal Pronouns in Croatian]
-* [https://www.colanguage.com/croatian-personal-pronouns Croatian personal pronouns | coLanguage]
-* [https://speakcro.com/croatian-language-and-grammar/what-types-of-pronouns-are-there-in-the-croatian-language/ What types of pronouns are there in the Croatian language ...]
 {{Croatian-Page-Bottom}}
-<span links></span>
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