Difference between revisions of "Language/Central-pashto/Grammar/Past-Continuous"

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{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
|[[Language/Central-pashto/Grammar/Past-Simple|◀️ Past Simple — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Central-pashto/Vocabulary/Modes-of-Transportation|Next Lesson — Modes of Transportation ▶️]]
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{{Central-pashto-Page-Top}}
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Central-pashto|Central Pashto]]  → [[Language/Central-pashto/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Central-pashto/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Past Tense → Past Continuous</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Central-pashto|Central Pashto]]  → [[Language/Central-pashto/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Central-pashto/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Past Tense → Past Continuous</div>


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== Introduction ==
== Introduction ==


In this lesson, you will learn how to form the past continuous tense in Central Pashto. The past continuous tense is used to describe ongoing actions in the past. It is formed by combining the past tense of the verb "to be" ("شوم" for first person singular, "شوی" for second person singular, "شو" for third person singular, "شویم" for first person plural, "شوید" for second person plural, and "شوند" for third person plural) and the present participle (-دی) of the main verb.
In this lesson, we will learn about the past continuous tense in Central Pashto. The past continuous tense is used to describe ongoing actions or events that were happening in the past. It is formed by combining the past tense of the verb "to be" with the present participle (-ing form) of the main verb. By understanding and practicing the past continuous tense, you will be able to express yourself more fluently and accurately when talking about past events in Central Pashto.


For example:
Throughout this lesson, we will explore the formation of the past continuous tense, its usage in different contexts, and provide plenty of examples and exercises to help you reinforce your understanding. We will also delve into the cultural aspects related to the usage of the past continuous tense in Central Pashto, providing you with interesting insights into Pashtun culture and history.
 
By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid understanding of how to form and use the past continuous tense in Central Pashto, allowing you to express yourself confidently and accurately when speaking about past events.
 
== Formation of the Past Continuous Tense ==
 
The past continuous tense in Central Pashto is formed by combining the past tense of the verb "to be" with the present participle (-ing form) of the main verb. The past tense of the verb "to be" is as follows:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Central Pashto !! Pronunciation !! English
! Central Pashto !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| ما غواصيه دی مو خواهش غواصيه دی || ''Ma ghwasya dī, mo khwāsh ghwasya dī.'' || I was diving, my desire was diving.
| ده || da || was
|-
|-
| مې په دی ویاتی کی دی واخلمانده راتلوو || ''Me pa dī wayāti kī dī wākhelmande ratlū'' || I was entering the house while he was sleeping.
| دی || de || were
|-
| هغه يوځاي ګل سوره نه لريدی ځه يوه د پاري کي د پخيژونډ دمخک ده ده || ''Hagha yūzhāy gul sora na lrēdī, zha ywah dā pari kī da pakhēzhund makha dah dah.'' || She was not picking up one flower there, she was picking up a handful in the garden.
|}
|}


It is important to remember that the past continuous tense emphasizes the duration of an action in the past, rather than its completion. The past continuous tense can be contrasted with the past simple tense, which emphasizes the completion of an action in the past.
To form the past continuous tense, we simply add the past tense of "to be" before the present participle of the main verb. Let's take a look at some examples:
 
Let's look at some examples to better understand the difference between the two tenses:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Central Pashto !! Pronunciation !! English
! Central Pashto !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| دا وخت څرګنده شوي، هغه کتلو چه پليدل || ''Dā wakht tsarganda shūy, hagha katlū cha pleydul.'' || She was washing the dishes when he arrived.
| زه زوټلم || zə zuṭləm || I was running
|-
|-
| دا وخت څرګنده شوه، هغه کتلو پليدل || ''Dā wakht tsarganda shwah, hagha katlū pleydul.'' || She washed the dishes when he arrived.
| ته زوټلې || tə zuṭle || You were running
|-
| هغه زوټلوي || haɣə zuṭlowəy || He/she was running
|-
| موږ زوټلوي || muɣ zuṭlowəy || We were running
|-
| زما تا زوټلې || zəma ta zuṭle || You (plural) were running
|-
| هغویان زوټلوي || haɣwəyaan zuṭlowəy || They were running
|}
|}


Notice how the first sentence (using the past continuous tense) emphasizes the duration of the action, while the second sentence (using the past simple tense) emphasizes its completion.
As you can see from the examples above, the past tense of "to be" is placed before the present participle (-ing form) of the main verb to form the past continuous tense. It is important to note that the past continuous tense applies to all subjects in Central Pashto, and the same form of "to be" is used regardless of the subject.
 
== Usage of the Past Continuous Tense ==
 
The past continuous tense is used to describe ongoing actions or events that were happening in the past. It is often used to set the scene or provide background information in a narrative. Let's take a look at some examples:
 
* زه ورځپېښې مېښېدل || zə warzhpəṣe meṣedəl || I was studying yesterday.
* ته څوک ګډه راډېږي || tə tsuuk gaḍa raḍežəy || You were sleeping when I called.
* هغه وخت په کتاباتو کې وړاندېږي || haɣə wəḵat pə ketaabaato ke vəraandəžəy || He/she was reading in the library.
* موږ کيسه وړاندېږي || muɣ keesa vəraandəžəy || We were talking.
* زما تا په کلاس کې د خبر وړاندېږي || zəma ta pə klaas ke da xəbar vəraandəžəy || You (plural) were discussing the news in the class.
* هغویان وړاندېږي || haɣwəyaan vəraandəžəy || They were laughing.
 
As you can see from the examples above, the past continuous tense helps to convey a sense of continuity and duration of an action or event in the past. It is commonly used in storytelling, describing past activities, or providing context to a specific moment in the past.


Now, let's dive into how to form the past continuous tense in Central Pashto.
== Cultural Insights ==


=== Formation ===
The usage of the past continuous tense in Central Pashto reflects the cultural values and storytelling traditions of the Pashtun people. Pashtun culture places great importance on oral traditions, and storytelling is a cherished art form in Pashtun society. The past continuous tense allows storytellers to create a vivid and engaging narrative by describing ongoing actions or events in the past.


To form the past continuous tense in Central Pashto, you need to combine the past tense of the verb "to be" (''شوم'', ''شوی'', ''شو'', ''شویم'', ''شوید'', or ''شوند'') and the present participle (''-دی'') of the main verb.
Additionally, the past continuous tense is often used in Pashtun folk songs and poetry to evoke a sense of nostalgia and longing for the past. Through these artistic expressions, the Pashtun people celebrate their history, culture, and shared experiences, keeping their traditions alive for future generations.


Here is the formula:
== Exercises ==


Past tense of "to be" + Present participle of main verb
Now it's time to practice using the past continuous tense in Central Pashto. Complete the following exercises by forming the correct past continuous tense of the given verbs. Solutions and explanations are provided at the end.


For example, let's look at how to form the past continuous tense for the verb "to write" (د يازیدل).
Exercise 1: Conjugate the verb "to dance" (رقصول)


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Person !! Past Tense of "to be" !! Main Verb !! Present Participle !! Past Continuous Tense
! Central Pashto !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| First person singular || شوم || د يازیدل || یازیدی || ما د يازیدل دییم
| زه رقصوم || zə raqsəwəm || I was dancing
|-
|-
| Second person singular || شوی || د يازیدل || یازیدی || تا د يازیدل دیی
| ته رقصوئ || tə raqsəwə || You were dancing
|-
|-
| Third person singular || شو || د يازیدل || یازیدی || هغه د يازیدل دیی
| هغه رقصوي || haɣə raqsəwəy || He/she was dancing
|-
|-
| First person plural || شویم || د يازیدل || یازیدی || مونږ د يازیدل دییم
| موږ رقصوي || muɣ raqsəwəy || We were dancing
|-
|-
| Second person plural || شوید || د يازیدل || یازیدی || تاسو د يازیدل دیی
| زما تا رقصوئ || zəma ta raqsəwə || You (plural) were dancing
|-
|-
| Third person plural || شوند || د يازیدل || یازیدی || هنګو د يازیدل دیی
| هغویان رقصوي || haɣwəyaan raqsəwəy || They were dancing
|}
|}


As you can see, the past continuous tense in Central Pashto changes based on the subject of the sentence.
Exercise 2: Conjugate the verb "to sing" (سرهول)
 
Now, let's practice forming the past continuous tense with some more verbs.
 
==== Examples ====
 
Here are some more examples of how to form the past continuous tense in Central Pashto:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Central Pashto !! Pronunciation !! English
! Central Pashto !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| مو څلورمينه په واړه ډېر لرم دی || ''Mo chalōrmena pā wāra dēr laram dī.'' || I was studying a lot for the test.
| زه سرهوم || zə sarəwəm || I was singing
|-
| ته سرهوئ || tə sarəwə || You were singing
|-
| هغه سرهوي || haɣə sarəwəy || He/she was singing
|-
| موږ سرهوي || muɣ sarəwəy || We were singing
|-
|-
| تا هغه ورته بیتاب شوی ده لومړي څلورمينه مو خوښيدلی || ''Tā hagha wartah bētāb shwī dah, lomṛay chalormina mo khwakhīdli.'' || While he was worried, my tutor was reassuring me.
| زما تا سرهوئ || zəma ta sarəwə || You (plural) were singing
|-
|-
| مونږ په جګړه کې د حمله او په میني شو شنوونه دې || ''Mōnəǧ pə jəḡ̌ərə kē də hamla aw pə menī sho shnōona dē.'' || We were hearing explosions and tremors during the earthquake.
| هغویان سرهوي || haɣwəyaan sarəwəy || They were singing
|}
|}


=== Negation ===
Exercise 3: Conjugate the verb "to cook" (پخول)
 
To negate the past continuous tense in Central Pashto, simply add "ندی" at the end of the past participle of the verb "to be". For example:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Person !! Past Tense of "to be" !! Main Verb !! Present Participle !! Negation !! Negated Past Continuous Tense
! Central Pashto !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| First person singular || شوم || د يازیدل || یازیدی || ‏شم ندی || ما د يازیدل شم ندی دییم
| زه پخوم || zə pəxəwəm || I was cooking
|-
|-
| Second person singular || شوی || د يازیدل || یازیدی || ‏شی ندی || تا د يازیدل شی ندی دیی
| ته پخوئ || tə pəxəwə || You were cooking
|-
|-
| Third person singular || شو || د يازیدل || یازیدی || ‏ش ندی || هغه د يازیدل ش ندی دیی
| هغه پخوي || haɣə pəxəwəy || He/she was cooking
|-
|-
| First person plural || شویم || د يازیدل || یازیدی || ‏شمون ندی || مونږ د يازیدل شمون ندی دییم
| موږ پخوي || muɣ pəxəwəy || We were cooking
|-
|-
| Second person plural || شوید || د يازیدل || یازیدی || ‏شی دی ندی || تاسو د يازیدل شی دی ندی دیی
| زما تا پخوئ || zəma ta pəxəwə || You (plural) were cooking
|-
|-
| Third person plural || شوند || د يازیدل || یازیدی || ‏ش ندی || هنګو د يازیدل ش ندی دیی
| هغویان پخوي || haɣwəyaan pəxəwəy || They were cooking
|}
|}


Note that the negation comes after the past participle of the main verb (-دی).
== Solutions and Explanations ==


==== Examples ====
Exercise 1:


Here are some examples of how to negate the past continuous tense in Central Pashto:
* زه رقصوم (zə raqsəwəm) - I was dancing
* ته رقصوئ (tə raqsəwə) - You were dancing
* هغه رقصوي (haɣə raqsəwəy) - He/she was dancing
* موږ رقصوي (muɣ raqsəwəy) - We were dancing
* زما تا رقصوئ (zəma ta raqsəwə) - You (plural) were dancing
* هغویان رقصوي (haɣwəyaan raqsəwəy) - They were dancing


{| class="wik
Exercise 2:
 
* زه سرهوم (zə sarəwəm) - I was singing
* ته سرهوئ (tə sarəwə) - You were singing
* هغه سرهوي (haɣə sarəwəy) - He/she was singing
* موږ سرهوي (muɣ sarəwəy) - We were singing
* زما تا سرهوئ (zəma ta sarəwə) - You (plural) were singing
* هغویان سرهوي (haɣwəyaan sarəwəy) - They were singing
 
Exercise 3:
 
* زه پخوم (zə pəxəwəm) - I was cooking
* ته پخوئ (tə pəxəwə) - You were cooking
* هغه پخوي (haɣə pəxəwəy) - He/she was cooking
* موږ پخوي (muɣ pəxəwəy) - We were cooking
* زما تا پخوئ (zəma ta pəxəwə) - You (plural) were cooking
* هغویان پخوي (haɣwəyaan pəxəwəy) - They were cooking
 
== Conclusion ==
 
Congratulations! You have successfully learned how to form and use the past continuous tense in Central Pashto. By mastering this tense, you will be able to describe ongoing actions or events in the past with ease and accuracy. Keep practicing and incorporating the past continuous tense into your conversations to enhance your fluency in Central Pashto.
 
In the next lesson, we will explore another aspect of the Central Pashto grammar: the future tense. We will learn how to form and use the future tense to talk about upcoming events and actions. Stay tuned and keep up the great work!
 
{{#seo:
|title=Central Pashto Grammar → Past Tense → Past Continuous
|keywords=Central Pashto, Past Tense, Past Continuous, grammar, language, Pashtun culture, storytelling, oral traditions, Pashtun folk songs
|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to form and use the past continuous tense in Central Pashto. The past continuous tense is used to describe ongoing actions or events that were happening in the past. We will also explore the cultural significance of the past continuous tense in Pashtun culture.
}}


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==Other Lessons==
==Other Lessons==
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* [[Language/Central-pashto/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]]
* [[Language/Central-pashto/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]]
* [[Language/Central-pashto/Grammar/Questions|Questions]]
* [[Language/Central-pashto/Grammar/Questions|Questions]]


{{Central-pashto-Page-Bottom}}
{{Central-pashto-Page-Bottom}}
<span links></span>
 
<span pgnav>
{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
 
|[[Language/Central-pashto/Grammar/Past-Simple|◀️ Past Simple — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Central-pashto/Vocabulary/Modes-of-Transportation|Next Lesson — Modes of Transportation ▶️]]
|}
</span>

Latest revision as of 01:34, 22 June 2023

◀️ Past Simple — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Modes of Transportation ▶️

Afghanistan-Pashto-Language-PolyglotClub.jpg
Central Pashto → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Past Tense → Past Continuous

Introduction[edit | edit source]

In this lesson, we will learn about the past continuous tense in Central Pashto. The past continuous tense is used to describe ongoing actions or events that were happening in the past. It is formed by combining the past tense of the verb "to be" with the present participle (-ing form) of the main verb. By understanding and practicing the past continuous tense, you will be able to express yourself more fluently and accurately when talking about past events in Central Pashto.

Throughout this lesson, we will explore the formation of the past continuous tense, its usage in different contexts, and provide plenty of examples and exercises to help you reinforce your understanding. We will also delve into the cultural aspects related to the usage of the past continuous tense in Central Pashto, providing you with interesting insights into Pashtun culture and history.

By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid understanding of how to form and use the past continuous tense in Central Pashto, allowing you to express yourself confidently and accurately when speaking about past events.

Formation of the Past Continuous Tense[edit | edit source]

The past continuous tense in Central Pashto is formed by combining the past tense of the verb "to be" with the present participle (-ing form) of the main verb. The past tense of the verb "to be" is as follows:

Central Pashto Pronunciation English
ده da was
دی de were

To form the past continuous tense, we simply add the past tense of "to be" before the present participle of the main verb. Let's take a look at some examples:

Central Pashto Pronunciation English
زه زوټلم zə zuṭləm I was running
ته زوټلې tə zuṭle You were running
هغه زوټلوي haɣə zuṭlowəy He/she was running
موږ زوټلوي muɣ zuṭlowəy We were running
زما تا زوټلې zəma ta zuṭle You (plural) were running
هغویان زوټلوي haɣwəyaan zuṭlowəy They were running

As you can see from the examples above, the past tense of "to be" is placed before the present participle (-ing form) of the main verb to form the past continuous tense. It is important to note that the past continuous tense applies to all subjects in Central Pashto, and the same form of "to be" is used regardless of the subject.

Usage of the Past Continuous Tense[edit | edit source]

The past continuous tense is used to describe ongoing actions or events that were happening in the past. It is often used to set the scene or provide background information in a narrative. Let's take a look at some examples:

  • زه ورځپېښې مېښېدل || zə warzhpəṣe meṣedəl || I was studying yesterday.
  • ته څوک ګډه راډېږي || tə tsuuk gaḍa raḍežəy || You were sleeping when I called.
  • هغه وخت په کتاباتو کې وړاندېږي || haɣə wəḵat pə ketaabaato ke vəraandəžəy || He/she was reading in the library.
  • موږ کيسه وړاندېږي || muɣ keesa vəraandəžəy || We were talking.
  • زما تا په کلاس کې د خبر وړاندېږي || zəma ta pə klaas ke da xəbar vəraandəžəy || You (plural) were discussing the news in the class.
  • هغویان وړاندېږي || haɣwəyaan vəraandəžəy || They were laughing.

As you can see from the examples above, the past continuous tense helps to convey a sense of continuity and duration of an action or event in the past. It is commonly used in storytelling, describing past activities, or providing context to a specific moment in the past.

Cultural Insights[edit | edit source]

The usage of the past continuous tense in Central Pashto reflects the cultural values and storytelling traditions of the Pashtun people. Pashtun culture places great importance on oral traditions, and storytelling is a cherished art form in Pashtun society. The past continuous tense allows storytellers to create a vivid and engaging narrative by describing ongoing actions or events in the past.

Additionally, the past continuous tense is often used in Pashtun folk songs and poetry to evoke a sense of nostalgia and longing for the past. Through these artistic expressions, the Pashtun people celebrate their history, culture, and shared experiences, keeping their traditions alive for future generations.

Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now it's time to practice using the past continuous tense in Central Pashto. Complete the following exercises by forming the correct past continuous tense of the given verbs. Solutions and explanations are provided at the end.

Exercise 1: Conjugate the verb "to dance" (رقصول)

Central Pashto Pronunciation English
زه رقصوم zə raqsəwəm I was dancing
ته رقصوئ tə raqsəwə You were dancing
هغه رقصوي haɣə raqsəwəy He/she was dancing
موږ رقصوي muɣ raqsəwəy We were dancing
زما تا رقصوئ zəma ta raqsəwə You (plural) were dancing
هغویان رقصوي haɣwəyaan raqsəwəy They were dancing

Exercise 2: Conjugate the verb "to sing" (سرهول)

Central Pashto Pronunciation English
زه سرهوم zə sarəwəm I was singing
ته سرهوئ tə sarəwə You were singing
هغه سرهوي haɣə sarəwəy He/she was singing
موږ سرهوي muɣ sarəwəy We were singing
زما تا سرهوئ zəma ta sarəwə You (plural) were singing
هغویان سرهوي haɣwəyaan sarəwəy They were singing

Exercise 3: Conjugate the verb "to cook" (پخول)

Central Pashto Pronunciation English
زه پخوم zə pəxəwəm I was cooking
ته پخوئ tə pəxəwə You were cooking
هغه پخوي haɣə pəxəwəy He/she was cooking
موږ پخوي muɣ pəxəwəy We were cooking
زما تا پخوئ zəma ta pəxəwə You (plural) were cooking
هغویان پخوي haɣwəyaan pəxəwəy They were cooking

Solutions and Explanations[edit | edit source]

Exercise 1:

  • زه رقصوم (zə raqsəwəm) - I was dancing
  • ته رقصوئ (tə raqsəwə) - You were dancing
  • هغه رقصوي (haɣə raqsəwəy) - He/she was dancing
  • موږ رقصوي (muɣ raqsəwəy) - We were dancing
  • زما تا رقصوئ (zəma ta raqsəwə) - You (plural) were dancing
  • هغویان رقصوي (haɣwəyaan raqsəwəy) - They were dancing

Exercise 2:

  • زه سرهوم (zə sarəwəm) - I was singing
  • ته سرهوئ (tə sarəwə) - You were singing
  • هغه سرهوي (haɣə sarəwəy) - He/she was singing
  • موږ سرهوي (muɣ sarəwəy) - We were singing
  • زما تا سرهوئ (zəma ta sarəwə) - You (plural) were singing
  • هغویان سرهوي (haɣwəyaan sarəwəy) - They were singing

Exercise 3:

  • زه پخوم (zə pəxəwəm) - I was cooking
  • ته پخوئ (tə pəxəwə) - You were cooking
  • هغه پخوي (haɣə pəxəwəy) - He/she was cooking
  • موږ پخوي (muɣ pəxəwəy) - We were cooking
  • زما تا پخوئ (zəma ta pəxəwə) - You (plural) were cooking
  • هغویان پخوي (haɣwəyaan pəxəwəy) - They were cooking

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

Congratulations! You have successfully learned how to form and use the past continuous tense in Central Pashto. By mastering this tense, you will be able to describe ongoing actions or events in the past with ease and accuracy. Keep practicing and incorporating the past continuous tense into your conversations to enhance your fluency in Central Pashto.

In the next lesson, we will explore another aspect of the Central Pashto grammar: the future tense. We will learn how to form and use the future tense to talk about upcoming events and actions. Stay tuned and keep up the great work!

Table of Contents - Central Pashto Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Greetings and Introductions


Personal Pronouns


Numbers and Counting


Basic Sentence Structure


Common Verbs


Present Tense


Food and Drink


Questions


Family and Relationships


Possessive Pronouns and Adjectives


House and Home


Prepositions


Hobbies and Activities


Past Tense


Travel and Transportation


Pashtun Customs and Traditions



Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



◀️ Past Simple — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Modes of Transportation ▶️

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