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|[[Language/Czech/Grammar/Introduction-to-Verbs|◀️ Introduction to Verbs — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Czech/Grammar/Past-Tense|Next Lesson — Past Tense ▶️]]
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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Czech|Czech]]  → [[Language/Czech/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Czech/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Verbs → Present Tense</div>


<div class="pg_page_title">Czech Grammar → Verbs → Present Tense</div>
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Hello, and welcome to the Czech Grammar lesson about present tense verbs. In this lesson, you will learn how to use the present tense to talk about things happening now or in the near future.
== Introduction ==


In this lesson, we will delve into the present tense, one of the most fundamental aspects of Czech grammar. The present tense is used to talk about actions happening now or in the near future. By mastering the present tense, you will be able to express yourself in various everyday situations and engage in basic conversations. Throughout this lesson, we will explore the structure and usage of the present tense in Czech, providing numerous examples and exercises to help solidify your understanding.


<span link>Take some time to dive into these other pages after completing this lesson: [[Language/Czech/Grammar/Locative-Case-in-Czech|Locative Case in Czech]] & [[Language/Czech/Grammar/Dative-Case-in-Czech|Dative Case in Czech]].</span>
== Structure of the Present Tense ==
== Introduction to Present Tense ==


The present tense is used to describe actions that are happening right now or that will happen in the near future. In Czech, the present tense has different conjugation forms depending on the gender and number of the subject.
The present tense in Czech is relatively straightforward to form. The verb endings vary depending on the gender and number of the subject. Let's take a look at the conjugation patterns for regular verbs in the present tense:


Here is an example of the present tense for the verb "to speak":
=== Conjugation of Regular Verbs ===


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Czech !! Pronunciation !! English
! Czech !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| mluvím || [ˈmluviːm] || I am speaking
| Já mluvím || Ya mloovim || I speak
|-
|-
| mluvíš || [ˈmluviːʃ] || You are speaking (singular)
| Ty mluvíš || Tee mlooveesh || You speak (singular)
|-
|-
| mluví || [ˈmluviː] || He/she/it is speaking
| On/Ona/Ono mluví || On/Ona/Ono mloovee || He/She/It speaks
|-
|-
| mluvíme || [ˈmluviːmɛ] || We are speaking
| My mluvíme || Me mlooveeme || We speak
|-
|-
| mluvíte || [ˈmluviːtɛ] || You are speaking (plural)
| Vy mluvíte || Vee mlooveete || You speak (plural)
|-
|-
| mluví || [ˈmluviː] || They are speaking
| Oni/Ony/Ona mluví || Oni/Ony/Ona mloovee || They speak
|}
|}


As you can see, the endings of the verb change depending on the subject.
As you can see, the verb endings change based on the subject pronouns. It's important to note that the verb endings for the singular forms (Já, Ty, On/Ona/Ono) are different from the verb endings for the plural forms (My, Vy, Oni/Ony/Ona). This distinction is crucial for accurate communication in Czech.
 
== Usage of the Present Tense ==


== Using Present Tense ==
The present tense is used to talk about actions happening now or in the near future. Let's explore some common situations where the present tense is applied:


Present tense is used to describe actions and situations that are happening at the present moment, ongoing actions or actions that will occur in the near future. Here are some examples:
=== Talking About Daily Routines ===


* "Já jím" (I am eating)
When describing daily routines or habits, the present tense is used. For example:
* "Ty čteš knihu" (You are reading a book)
* "Ona hraje tenis" (She is playing tennis)
* "My píšeme dopis" (We are writing a letter)
* "Vy vaříte večeři" (You are cooking dinner)
* "Oni poslouchají hudbu" (They are listening to music)


Remember that the present tense can be used to describe ongoing and habitual actions, as well. For example:
* Já chodím do práce každý den. (I go to work every day.)
* Oni vstávají brzy. (They wake up early.)


* "Já běhám každé ráno" (I run every morning)
=== Expressing General Truths ===
* "Ty často pracuješ v kanceláři" (You often work in the office)
* "My rádi hraje na kytaru" (We like to play guitar)


== Regular Verbs ==
The present tense is also used to express general truths or facts. For example:


The majority of Czech verbs follow the regular pattern of conjugation. To conjugate them, you simply remove the ending "t" or "ti" from the infinitive form of the verb and add the appropriate ending for the subject. Here are the endings for regular verbs in present tense:
* Slunce svítí ve dne a měsíc v noci. (The sun shines during the day, and the moon at night.)
* Voda vaří při sto stupních Celsia. (Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.)


{| class="wikitable"
=== Describing Future Plans ===
! Pronoun !! Verb ending
|-
| já (I) || -u
|-
| ty (you) singular || t or íš
|-
| on/ona/ono (he/she/it) || -í
|-
| my (we) || -íme
|-
| vy (you) plural || -íte
|-
| oni/ony/ona (they) || -í
|}


== Irregular Verbs ==
To talk about future plans or scheduled events, the present tense is often used. For example:


There are some verbs in Czech that don't follow the regular pattern. They have specific conjugation forms that you should memorize, like "jít" (to go), "být" (to be) or "dělat" (to do).
* Zítra jedu do Prahy. (Tomorrow, I am going to Prague.)
* V sobotu hrajeme fotbal. (On Saturday, we play football.)


Here are some examples:
Remember that even though we are referring to future events, we still use the present tense in Czech.


{| class="wikitable"
== Cultural Insights ==
! Czech !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| jdu || [jtʊ] || I go
|-
| jdeš || [jdɛʃ] || You go (singular)
|-
| jde || [jdɛ] || He/she/it goes
|-
| jdeme || [jdemɛ] || We go
|-
| jdete || [jdɛtɛ] || You go (plural)
|-
| jdou || [jdoʊ] || They go
|}


{| class="wikitable"
The usage of the present tense in Czech aligns closely with other Slavic languages. However, it's important to note that certain regional variations exist within the Czech Republic. For instance, in some dialects, speakers may use different verb forms or conjugation patterns in the present tense. These variations are often influenced by historical factors and local customs.
! Czech !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| jsem || [jɛsm] || I am
|-
| jsi || [jɪ] || You are (singular)
|-
| je || [jɛ] || He/she/it is
|-
| jsme || [jismɛ] || We are
|-
| jste || [jstɛ] || You are (plural)
|-
| jsou || [jsou] || They are
|}


{| class="wikitable"
Czech culture is deeply rooted in its history and traditions. The Czech Republic is known for its rich literary heritage, with influential writers such as Franz Kafka and Milan Kundera. Additionally, Czech cuisine is renowned for its hearty dishes like goulash and svíčková, and the country is famous for its beer production, with the city of Pilsen being the birthplace of the Pilsner style of beer.
! Czech !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| dělám || [dɛlaːm] || I do
|-
| děláš || [dɛlaːʃ] || You do (singular)
|-
| dělá || [dɛlaː] || He/she/it does
|-
| děláme || [dɛlaːmɛ] || We do
|-
| děláte || [dɛlaːtɛ] || You do (plural)
|-
| dělají || [dɛlaːjiː] || They do
|}


== Exercises ==
== Practice Exercises ==


Here are some practical exercises for you to practice the present tense.
Now, let's put your knowledge of the present tense to the test with some practice exercises. Choose the correct form of the verb to complete each sentence:


1. Translate the following sentences into Czech:
1. Já (mluvit/mluvím) česky.
* I am watching TV.  
2. Oni (jíst/jí) večeři spolu.
* She is studying at the library.  
3. Ty (hrát/hraješ) na klavír.
* We are walking in the park.  
4. My (čekat/čekáme) na autobus.
* They are playing football.
5. Ona (pít/pije) kávu každé ráno.


2. Conjugate the verb "líst" (to read) in present tense for all persons.
'''Solutions:'''
1. Já mluvím česky. (I speak Czech.)
2. Oni jí večeři spolu. (They eat dinner together.)
3. Ty hraješ na klavír. (You play the piano.)
4. My čekáme na autobus. (We wait for the bus.)
5. Ona pije kávu každé ráno. (She drinks coffee every morning.)


== Conclusion ==
== Conclusion ==


Congratulations! You have learned how to use the present tense to describe actions and situations happening now or in the near future in Czech. Keep practicing and using the present tense until it becomes second-nature to you.
Congratulations! You have now learned how to use the present tense in Czech to talk about actions happening now or in the near future. The present tense is a crucial aspect of everyday communication, allowing you to express yourself in various situations. Keep practicing and incorporating the present tense into your conversations to reinforce your understanding. In the next lesson, we will explore the past tense and learn how to talk about things that have already happened.
 
<span class='maj'></span>
==Sources==
* [https://www.czechclass101.com/blog/2021/07/08/czech-tenses/ Czech Tenses: Expressing the Past, Present, and Future]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_conjugation Czech conjugation - Wikipedia]
* [https://www.lingq.com/en/learn-english-online/courses/49368/czech-language-verb-tenses-85474/ Czech Republic, Czechoslovakia, Czech language - Verb tenses]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_language Czech language - Wikipedia]
 


<span link>Finished this lesson? Check out these related lessons: [[Language/Czech/Grammar/Nominative-Case-in-Czech|Nominative Case in Czech]] & [[Language/Czech/Grammar/Personal-Pronouns|Personal Pronouns]].</span>
{{#seo:
{{#seo:
|title=Czech Grammar Lesson: Present Tense Verbs
|title=Czech Grammar → Verbs → Present Tense
|keywords=Czech grammar, present tense, Czech verbs
|keywords=Czech grammar, present tense, Czech verbs, Czech language, Czech course, present tense conjugation
|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to use the present tense in Czech to describe actions and situations happening now or in the near future.
|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to use the present tense in Czech to talk about actions happening now or in the near future. We will explore the conjugation patterns for regular verbs, discuss its usage in everyday situations, and provide practice exercises to reinforce your understanding.
}}
}}


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[[Category:Czech-0-to-A1-Course]]
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==Videos==
==Videos==
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===Learn Czech Conjugation of Czech verbs. Přítomný čas - Present ...===
===Learn Czech Conjugation of Czech verbs. Přítomný čas - Present ...===
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j6ZL78pUUqw</youtube>
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j6ZL78pUUqw</youtube>
==Sources==
* [https://www.czechclass101.com/blog/2021/07/08/czech-tenses/ Czech Tenses: Expressing the Past, Present, and Future]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_conjugation Czech conjugation - Wikipedia]
* [https://www.lingq.com/en/learn-english-online/courses/49368/czech-language-verb-tenses-85474/ Czech Republic, Czechoslovakia, Czech language - Verb tenses]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_language Czech language - Wikipedia]


==Other Lessons==
==Other Lessons==
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* [[Language/Czech/Grammar/Negation|Negation]]
* [[Language/Czech/Grammar/Negation|Negation]]
* [[Language/Czech/Grammar/Possessive-Case-in-Czech|Possessive Case in Czech]]
* [[Language/Czech/Grammar/Possessive-Case-in-Czech|Possessive Case in Czech]]


{{Czech-Page-Bottom}}
{{Czech-Page-Bottom}}
<span links></span>
 
<span pgnav>
{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
 
|[[Language/Czech/Grammar/Introduction-to-Verbs|◀️ Introduction to Verbs — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Czech/Grammar/Past-Tense|Next Lesson — Past Tense ▶️]]
|}
</span>

Latest revision as of 18:22, 18 June 2023

◀️ Introduction to Verbs — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Past Tense ▶️

Czech-Language-PolyglotClub.png
Czech → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Verbs → Present Tense

Introduction[edit | edit source]

In this lesson, we will delve into the present tense, one of the most fundamental aspects of Czech grammar. The present tense is used to talk about actions happening now or in the near future. By mastering the present tense, you will be able to express yourself in various everyday situations and engage in basic conversations. Throughout this lesson, we will explore the structure and usage of the present tense in Czech, providing numerous examples and exercises to help solidify your understanding.

Structure of the Present Tense[edit | edit source]

The present tense in Czech is relatively straightforward to form. The verb endings vary depending on the gender and number of the subject. Let's take a look at the conjugation patterns for regular verbs in the present tense:

Conjugation of Regular Verbs[edit | edit source]

Czech Pronunciation English
Já mluvím Ya mloovim I speak
Ty mluvíš Tee mlooveesh You speak (singular)
On/Ona/Ono mluví On/Ona/Ono mloovee He/She/It speaks
My mluvíme Me mlooveeme We speak
Vy mluvíte Vee mlooveete You speak (plural)
Oni/Ony/Ona mluví Oni/Ony/Ona mloovee They speak

As you can see, the verb endings change based on the subject pronouns. It's important to note that the verb endings for the singular forms (Já, Ty, On/Ona/Ono) are different from the verb endings for the plural forms (My, Vy, Oni/Ony/Ona). This distinction is crucial for accurate communication in Czech.

Usage of the Present Tense[edit | edit source]

The present tense is used to talk about actions happening now or in the near future. Let's explore some common situations where the present tense is applied:

Talking About Daily Routines[edit | edit source]

When describing daily routines or habits, the present tense is used. For example:

  • Já chodím do práce každý den. (I go to work every day.)
  • Oni vstávají brzy. (They wake up early.)

Expressing General Truths[edit | edit source]

The present tense is also used to express general truths or facts. For example:

  • Slunce svítí ve dne a měsíc v noci. (The sun shines during the day, and the moon at night.)
  • Voda vaří při sto stupních Celsia. (Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.)

Describing Future Plans[edit | edit source]

To talk about future plans or scheduled events, the present tense is often used. For example:

  • Zítra jedu do Prahy. (Tomorrow, I am going to Prague.)
  • V sobotu hrajeme fotbal. (On Saturday, we play football.)

Remember that even though we are referring to future events, we still use the present tense in Czech.

Cultural Insights[edit | edit source]

The usage of the present tense in Czech aligns closely with other Slavic languages. However, it's important to note that certain regional variations exist within the Czech Republic. For instance, in some dialects, speakers may use different verb forms or conjugation patterns in the present tense. These variations are often influenced by historical factors and local customs.

Czech culture is deeply rooted in its history and traditions. The Czech Republic is known for its rich literary heritage, with influential writers such as Franz Kafka and Milan Kundera. Additionally, Czech cuisine is renowned for its hearty dishes like goulash and svíčková, and the country is famous for its beer production, with the city of Pilsen being the birthplace of the Pilsner style of beer.

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now, let's put your knowledge of the present tense to the test with some practice exercises. Choose the correct form of the verb to complete each sentence:

1. Já (mluvit/mluvím) česky. 2. Oni (jíst/jí) večeři spolu. 3. Ty (hrát/hraješ) na klavír. 4. My (čekat/čekáme) na autobus. 5. Ona (pít/pije) kávu každé ráno.

Solutions: 1. Já mluvím česky. (I speak Czech.) 2. Oni jí večeři spolu. (They eat dinner together.) 3. Ty hraješ na klavír. (You play the piano.) 4. My čekáme na autobus. (We wait for the bus.) 5. Ona pije kávu každé ráno. (She drinks coffee every morning.)

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

Congratulations! You have now learned how to use the present tense in Czech to talk about actions happening now or in the near future. The present tense is a crucial aspect of everyday communication, allowing you to express yourself in various situations. Keep practicing and incorporating the present tense into your conversations to reinforce your understanding. In the next lesson, we will explore the past tense and learn how to talk about things that have already happened.

Table of Contents - Czech Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Alphabet and Pronunciation


Nouns and Pronouns


Verbs


Adjectives and Adverbs


Greetings and Introductions


At the Restaurant


Daily Life


History and Traditions


Art and Heritage

Videos[edit | edit source]

Czech Grammar 1 - TO BE (BÝT) in Singular Present and Past ...[edit | edit source]

Quick Guide to Czech Conjugation in Present Tense - YouTube[edit | edit source]

Learn Czech Conjugation of Czech verbs. Přítomný čas - Present ...[edit | edit source]


Sources[edit | edit source]



Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



◀️ Introduction to Verbs — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Past Tense ▶️

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