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{{Iranian-persian-Page-Top}}
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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Iranian-persian|Iranian Persian]]  → [[Language/Iranian-persian/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Iranian-persian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Unit 2: Sentence structure and basic verb conjugation → Lesson 5: Present tense conjugation of regular verbs</div>
__TOC__
== Introduction ==
In this lesson, we will learn how to conjugate regular verbs in the present tense in Iranian Persian. We will also learn how to make simple statements in the affirmative, negative, and interrogative form using the present tense. This is an important aspect of Iranian Persian grammar and will greatly enhance your ability to communicate in Persian. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to form basic present tense sentences and engage in simple conversations with native Persian speakers. Let's get started!
== Conjugation of Regular Verbs in the Present Tense ==
To conjugate regular verbs in the present tense, we need to identify the root of the verb and add the appropriate endings based on the subject of the sentence. In Iranian Persian, there are three types of regular verbs: verbs ending in -am, verbs ending in -im, and verbs ending in -am, -im, or -em. Let's take a look at each type and how they are conjugated in the present tense.
=== Verbs ending in -am ===
Verbs ending in -am are conjugated as follows:
{| class="wikitable"
! Iranian Persian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| خواندَن  || xândan || to read
|-
| خوردَن  || xordan || to eat
|-
| نوشتَن  || neveštan || to write
|-
| آمدَن  || âmadan || to come
|-
| رفتَن  || raftan || to go
|-
| بودَن  || budan || to be
|}


<div class="pg_page_title">Iranian Persian Grammar → Unit 2: Sentence structure and basic verb conjugation → Lesson 5: Present tense conjugation of regular verbs</div>
As you can see from the table above, the present tense conjugation of verbs ending in -am is formed by removing the -am ending and adding the appropriate endings based on the subject. Let's conjugate the verb "خواندَن" (to read) in the present tense:


__TOC__
* I read: خوانْده اَم (xândeh am)
* You read: خوانْده ای (xândeh i)
* He/She reads: خوانْده است (xândeh ast)
* We read: خوانْده ایم (xândeh im)
* You read: خوانْده اید (xândeh id)
* They read: خوانْده اند (xândeh and)
 
Please note that the pronouns "I" and "you" are not explicitly mentioned in Iranian Persian. The verb form itself indicates the subject of the sentence. For example, "خوانْده اَم" (xândeh am) can be translated as "I read" or "I am reading" depending on the context.
 
=== Verbs ending in -im ===
 
Verbs ending in -im are conjugated as follows:


Welcome to Lesson 5 of the Complete 0 to A1 Iranian Persian Course! In this lesson, you will learn how to conjugate regular verbs in the present tense and make simple statements in the affirmative, negative and interrogative form.
{| class="wikitable"
! Iranian Persian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| می‌خوانَم  || mi-xândam || I am reading
|-
| می‌خورَم  || mi-xoram || I am eating
|-
| می‌نویسَم  || mi-nevisam || I am writing
|-
| می‌آیَم  || mi-âyam || I am coming
|-
| می‌رَوَم  || mi-rawam || I am going
|-
| هَسْتَم  || hastam || I am
|}


In the previous lesson, we learned how to use the present tense of the verb "to be" in Persian and make simple statements. Now, we will expand our knowledge by learning how to use regular verbs in the present tense.
As you can see from the table above, the present tense conjugation of verbs ending in -im is formed by adding the prefix "می‌" (mi-) before the verb and the appropriate endings based on the subject. Let's conjugate the verb "خوانَم" (to read) in the present tense:


* I read: می‌خوانَم (mi-xândam)
* You read: می‌خوانی (mi-xândi)
* He/She reads: می‌خوانَد (mi-xândad)
* We read: می‌خوانیم (mi-xândim)
* You read: می‌خوانید (mi-xândid)
* They read: می‌خوانَند (mi-xândand)


<span link>Take a moment to explore these relevant pages as you conclude this lesson: [[Language/Iranian-persian/Grammar/Take|Take]] & [[Language/Iranian-persian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]].</span>
The prefix "می‌" (mi-) is used to indicate the present continuous tense in Persian. It is similar to the English construction "I am [verb]ing."
== Regular verbs in Persian ==


Regular verbs are called "az raa'e-haay-e muntaqem" in Persian, which means verbs with a fixed pattern. Unlike the verb "to be", regular verbs in the present tense have different forms for each subject pronoun.
=== Verbs ending in -am, -im, or -em ===


To form the present tense of a regular verb in Persian, we remove the infinitive ending "an" and add the appropriate personal suffix to the root of the verb according to the subject pronoun.
Verbs ending in -am, -im, or -em are conjugated as follows:


Here are the present tense conjugations of the verb "kardan", which means "to do":
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Iranian Persian !! Pronunciation !! English
! Iranian Persian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| من کار می‌کنم || man kaar mikonam || I do (am doing)
| می‌گویَم  || mi-guyam || I am saying
|-
|-
| تو کار می‌کنی || to kaar mikoni || you do (are doing)
| می‌مانَم  || mi-mânam || I am staying
|-
|-
| او کار می‌کند || u kaar mikonad || he/she/it does (is doing)
| می‌دهَم  || mi-daham || I am giving
|-
|-
| ما کار می‌کنیم || maa kaar mikonim || we do (are doing)
| می‌مِیرَم  || mi-miram || I am dying
|-
|-
| شما کار می‌کنید || shomaa kaar mikonid || you (plural) do (are doing)
| می‌آمَدَم  || mi-âmadam || I am coming
|-
|-
| آنها کار می‌کنند || aanhaa kaar mikonand || they do (are doing)
| می‌رَفْتَم  || mi-raftam || I am going
|}
|}


<b>Note:</b> The suffixes for the verbs with the infinitive ending "-idan" (-am, -i, -ad, -im, -id, -and) are exactly the same as the ones for the verbs with the infinitive ending "- kardan".
As you can see from the table above, the present tense conjugation of verbs ending in -am, -im, or -em is formed by adding the prefix "می‌" (mi-) before the verb and the appropriate endings based on the subject. Let's conjugate the verb "گویَم" (to say) in the present tense:


<b>Examples:</b>
* I say: می‌گویَم (mi-guyam)
* You say: می‌گویی (mi-guyi)
* He/She says: می‌گویَد (mi-guyad)
* We say: می‌گوییم (mi-guyim)
* You say: می‌گویید (mi-guyid)
* They say: می‌گویَند (mi-guyand)


* "Man sobh namaz mikhoonam" (I read morning prayer)
The prefix "می‌" (mi-) is used to indicate the present continuous tense in Persian. It is similar to the English construction "I am [verb]ing."
* "To Khane ra pak mikoni" (You clean the house)
* "U ba pedarash goosfand mikone" (He talks to his father)
* "Ma har rooz sabzii mikharam" (We eat vegetables every day)
* "Shoma har shab khaabidetun raa tamaam mikonid?" (Do you (plural) sleep early every night?)
* "Anhaa ketab mifroshand" (They sell books)


== Basic sentence structure in Persian ==
== Making Simple Statements in the Present Tense ==


Persian sentences usually follow the Subject-Object-Verb (SOV) order. However, this order can change depending on the emphasis you want to put on certain parts of the sentence.  
Now that we have learned how to conjugate regular verbs in the present tense, let's practice making simple statements in the affirmative form. To make a simple statement, we need to combine the present tense conjugation of a verb with the appropriate subject pronoun. Let's take a look at some examples:


<b>Examples:</b>
* I am reading a book.
* من کتاب می‌خوانَم. (man ketâb mi-xândam)


* "Man shir dar ghahveh mikhoram" (I drink milk with coffee)
* You are eating an apple.
* "Dar ghahve, man shir mikhoram" (With coffee, I drink milk)
* تو سیب می‌خوری. (to sib mi-xori)
* "Mehdi ketabe ali raa kharid" (Mehdi bought the book of Ali)
* "Ketabe ali raa mehdi kharid" (The book of Ali, Mehdi bought)
* "U be Tehran raft" (He went to Tehran)
* "Be Tehran, u raft" (To Tehran, he went)


As you can see in the examples above, by changing the word order we can emphasize certain parts of the sentence. In Persian, we also use different types of particles and prepositions to add more meaning and nuance to our sentences.  
* He is writing a letter.
* او نامه می‌نویسَد. (u nâme mi-nevisad)


== Negation and Interrogation in Persian ==
* She is coming to the party.
* او به مهمانی می‌آیَد. (u be mehmâni mi-âyad)


To form a negative sentence in Persian, we use the word "na" (not) before the verb.
* We are going to the park.
* ما به پارک می‌رَویم. (mâ be pârk mi-rawim)


<b>Examples:</b>
* They are studying for the exam.
* آن‌ها برای امتحان می‌خوانَند. (ân-hâ barâye emtehân mi-xândand)


* "Man namaz nakhunam" (I do not pray)
As you can see from the examples, the subject pronouns are added before the verb to indicate who is performing the action. The verb is then conjugated in the present tense according to the subject. It is important to note that the pronouns are optional in Iranian Persian as the verb form itself indicates the subject of the sentence. However, using the pronouns can provide clarity and emphasis in certain situations.
* "To film nadeedi?" (Have you not seen the movie?)


To form an interrogative sentence in Persian, we use the particle "آیا" (āyā), which does not have a direct translation in English but is used to introduce a question. We can also use other question words such as "چرا"(cheraa) (why), "کی" (ki) (when), "چه کسی" (che kasii) (who), and "چطور" (chetor) (how) in our questions.
== Making Negative Statements in the Present Tense ==


<b>Examples:</b>
To make a negative statement in the present tense, we need to use the word "نَه" (na) before the verb. Let's take a look at some examples:


* "آیا شما به ایران آمده‌اید؟" (Have you come to Iran?)
* I am not reading a book.
* "چطور حال شماست؟" (How are you?)
* من کتاب نمی‌خوانَم. (man ketâb nemixândam)
* "چرا تاخیر کردی؟" (Why did you delay?)


Note that in most interrogative sentences, the verb comes before the subject. However, in a question that starts with the question word "کی" (ki) (when), the subject comes before the verb.
* You are not eating an apple.
* تو سیب نمی‌خوری. (to sib nemixori)


<b>Example:</b>
* He is not writing a letter.
* او نامه نمی‌نویسَد. (u nâme neminevisad)


* "تو چه کسی هستی؟" (Who are you?)
* She is not coming to the party.
* او به مهمانی نمی‌آیَد. (u be mehmâni nemixândad)


== Vocabulary ==
* We are not going to the park.
* ما به پارک نمی‌رَویم. (mâ be pârk nemirawim)


* انجام دادن (anjam daadan) - to do
* They are not studying for the exam.
* خریدن (kharidan) - to buy
* آن‌ها برای امتحان نمی‌خوانَند. (ân-hâ barâye emtehân nemixândand)
* فروشندگی کردن (forushandegi kardan) - to sell
* قهوه (ghahveh) - coffee
* شیر (shir) - milk
* کتاب (ketab) - book


<b>Useful phrases:</b>
In the negative form, the word "نَه" (na) is placed before the verb to indicate negation. The verb itself remains in its base form without any conjugation. It is important to note that the word "نَه" (na) can also be written as "نیست" (nist) in certain contexts.


* "من ايراني هستم" (I am Iranian)
== Making Interrogative Statements in the Present Tense ==
* "ممنون" (Thank you)
* "نه، متاسفانه نتوانستم" (No, unfortunately I couldn't)
* "بله، موافقم" (Yes, I agree)


== Exercises ==
To make an interrogative statement in the present tense, we need to use the word "آیا" (âyâ) at the beginning of the sentence. Let's take a look at some examples:


* Translate the following sentences into Persian:
* Are you reading a book?
* آیا تو کتاب می‌خوانی؟ (âyâ to ketâb mi-xândi)


# He reads a book in the park.
* Is he eating an apple?
# I sell my car.
* آیا او سیب می‌خورَد؟ (âyâ u sib mi-xândad)
# Do you (singular) drink tea?
# They do not watch TV.
# When do you (plural) come to my house?


<b>Answers:</b>
* Is she coming to the party?
* آیا او به مهمانی می‌آیَد؟ (âyâ u be mehmâni mi-âyad)


# U dar park ketab mikhune
* Are we going to the park?
# Man maashinam raa forush mikonam
* آیا ما به پارک می‌رَویم؟ (âyâ mâ be pârk mi-rawim)
# To chaay mishi?
# Anhaa TV nanevisandan
# Shoma chand vaght be khane man miayid?


<b>Translation:</b>
* Are they studying for the exam?
* آیا آن‌ها برای امتحان می‌خوانَند؟ (âyâ ân-hâ barâye emtehân mi-xândand)


# او در پارک کتاب می‌خواند.
In interrogative statements, the word "آیا" (âyâ) is placed at the beginning of the sentence to indicate a question. The verb and subject remain in their regular order without any changes. It is important to note that in Iranian Persian, questions can also be formed by changing the intonation of the sentence without using the word "آیا" (âyâ).
# من ماشینم را فروش می‌کنم.
# آیا شما چای می‌نوشید؟
# آنها تلویزیون نمی‌نگرند.
# چند وقت به خانه من می‌آیید؟


== Further Reading ==
== Practice Exercise ==


* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_verbs Persian Verbs]
Now that we have learned how to conjugate regular verbs in the present tense and make simple statements in the affirmative, negative, and interrogative form, let's practice with some exercises. Complete the following sentences using the correct form of the verb in the present tense:
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_phonology Persian Phonology]


== Sources ==
* I __________ a book.
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_language Persian language]
* You __________ an apple.
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_grammar Persian grammar]
* He __________ a letter.
* She __________ to the party.
* We __________ to the park.
* They __________ for the exam.
 
Once you have completed the exercise, you can check your answers below:
 
* I am reading a book.
* You are eating an apple.
* He is writing a letter.
* She is coming to the party.
* We are going to the park.
* They are studying for the exam.
 
== Conclusion ==
 
Congratulations! You have successfully learned how to conjugate regular verbs in the present tense and make simple statements in the affirmative, negative, and interrogative form. This is a crucial step in mastering Iranian Persian grammar and will greatly enhance your ability to communicate in Persian. Keep practicing and using these structures in everyday conversations to solidify your understanding. In the next lesson, we will continue to explore sentence structure and verb conjugation in Iranian Persian. Until then, khodâ hâféz (goodbye) and bedrud (good luck)!


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|title=Iranian Persian Grammar → Unit 2: Sentence structure and basic verb conjugation → Lesson 5: Present tense conjugation of regular verbs
|keywords=Persian grammar, Iranian Persian language, Persian course, verb conjugation, present tense conjugation
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* [[Language/Iranian-persian/Grammar/Most-commonly-used-Adjective|Most commonly used Adjective]]
* [[Language/Iranian-persian/Grammar/Most-commonly-used-Adjective|Most commonly used Adjective]]


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Revision as of 01:47, 17 June 2023

◀️ Lesson 4: Present tense conjugation of the verb "to be" — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Lesson 6: Talking about your daily routine ▶️

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Iranian Persian → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Unit 2: Sentence structure and basic verb conjugation → Lesson 5: Present tense conjugation of regular verbs

Introduction

In this lesson, we will learn how to conjugate regular verbs in the present tense in Iranian Persian. We will also learn how to make simple statements in the affirmative, negative, and interrogative form using the present tense. This is an important aspect of Iranian Persian grammar and will greatly enhance your ability to communicate in Persian. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to form basic present tense sentences and engage in simple conversations with native Persian speakers. Let's get started!

Conjugation of Regular Verbs in the Present Tense

To conjugate regular verbs in the present tense, we need to identify the root of the verb and add the appropriate endings based on the subject of the sentence. In Iranian Persian, there are three types of regular verbs: verbs ending in -am, verbs ending in -im, and verbs ending in -am, -im, or -em. Let's take a look at each type and how they are conjugated in the present tense.

Verbs ending in -am

Verbs ending in -am are conjugated as follows:

Iranian Persian Pronunciation English
خواندَن xândan to read
خوردَن xordan to eat
نوشتَن neveštan to write
آمدَن âmadan to come
رفتَن raftan to go
بودَن budan to be

As you can see from the table above, the present tense conjugation of verbs ending in -am is formed by removing the -am ending and adding the appropriate endings based on the subject. Let's conjugate the verb "خواندَن" (to read) in the present tense:

  • I read: خوانْده اَم (xândeh am)
  • You read: خوانْده ای (xândeh i)
  • He/She reads: خوانْده است (xândeh ast)
  • We read: خوانْده ایم (xândeh im)
  • You read: خوانْده اید (xândeh id)
  • They read: خوانْده اند (xândeh and)

Please note that the pronouns "I" and "you" are not explicitly mentioned in Iranian Persian. The verb form itself indicates the subject of the sentence. For example, "خوانْده اَم" (xândeh am) can be translated as "I read" or "I am reading" depending on the context.

Verbs ending in -im

Verbs ending in -im are conjugated as follows:

Iranian Persian Pronunciation English
می‌خوانَم mi-xândam I am reading
می‌خورَم mi-xoram I am eating
می‌نویسَم mi-nevisam I am writing
می‌آیَم mi-âyam I am coming
می‌رَوَم mi-rawam I am going
هَسْتَم hastam I am

As you can see from the table above, the present tense conjugation of verbs ending in -im is formed by adding the prefix "می‌" (mi-) before the verb and the appropriate endings based on the subject. Let's conjugate the verb "خوانَم" (to read) in the present tense:

  • I read: می‌خوانَم (mi-xândam)
  • You read: می‌خوانی (mi-xândi)
  • He/She reads: می‌خوانَد (mi-xândad)
  • We read: می‌خوانیم (mi-xândim)
  • You read: می‌خوانید (mi-xândid)
  • They read: می‌خوانَند (mi-xândand)

The prefix "می‌" (mi-) is used to indicate the present continuous tense in Persian. It is similar to the English construction "I am [verb]ing."

Verbs ending in -am, -im, or -em

Verbs ending in -am, -im, or -em are conjugated as follows:

Iranian Persian Pronunciation English
می‌گویَم mi-guyam I am saying
می‌مانَم mi-mânam I am staying
می‌دهَم mi-daham I am giving
می‌مِیرَم mi-miram I am dying
می‌آمَدَم mi-âmadam I am coming
می‌رَفْتَم mi-raftam I am going

As you can see from the table above, the present tense conjugation of verbs ending in -am, -im, or -em is formed by adding the prefix "می‌" (mi-) before the verb and the appropriate endings based on the subject. Let's conjugate the verb "گویَم" (to say) in the present tense:

  • I say: می‌گویَم (mi-guyam)
  • You say: می‌گویی (mi-guyi)
  • He/She says: می‌گویَد (mi-guyad)
  • We say: می‌گوییم (mi-guyim)
  • You say: می‌گویید (mi-guyid)
  • They say: می‌گویَند (mi-guyand)

The prefix "می‌" (mi-) is used to indicate the present continuous tense in Persian. It is similar to the English construction "I am [verb]ing."

Making Simple Statements in the Present Tense

Now that we have learned how to conjugate regular verbs in the present tense, let's practice making simple statements in the affirmative form. To make a simple statement, we need to combine the present tense conjugation of a verb with the appropriate subject pronoun. Let's take a look at some examples:

  • I am reading a book.
  • من کتاب می‌خوانَم. (man ketâb mi-xândam)
  • You are eating an apple.
  • تو سیب می‌خوری. (to sib mi-xori)
  • He is writing a letter.
  • او نامه می‌نویسَد. (u nâme mi-nevisad)
  • She is coming to the party.
  • او به مهمانی می‌آیَد. (u be mehmâni mi-âyad)
  • We are going to the park.
  • ما به پارک می‌رَویم. (mâ be pârk mi-rawim)
  • They are studying for the exam.
  • آن‌ها برای امتحان می‌خوانَند. (ân-hâ barâye emtehân mi-xândand)

As you can see from the examples, the subject pronouns are added before the verb to indicate who is performing the action. The verb is then conjugated in the present tense according to the subject. It is important to note that the pronouns are optional in Iranian Persian as the verb form itself indicates the subject of the sentence. However, using the pronouns can provide clarity and emphasis in certain situations.

Making Negative Statements in the Present Tense

To make a negative statement in the present tense, we need to use the word "نَه" (na) before the verb. Let's take a look at some examples:

  • I am not reading a book.
  • من کتاب نمی‌خوانَم. (man ketâb nemixândam)
  • You are not eating an apple.
  • تو سیب نمی‌خوری. (to sib nemixori)
  • He is not writing a letter.
  • او نامه نمی‌نویسَد. (u nâme neminevisad)
  • She is not coming to the party.
  • او به مهمانی نمی‌آیَد. (u be mehmâni nemixândad)
  • We are not going to the park.
  • ما به پارک نمی‌رَویم. (mâ be pârk nemirawim)
  • They are not studying for the exam.
  • آن‌ها برای امتحان نمی‌خوانَند. (ân-hâ barâye emtehân nemixândand)

In the negative form, the word "نَه" (na) is placed before the verb to indicate negation. The verb itself remains in its base form without any conjugation. It is important to note that the word "نَه" (na) can also be written as "نیست" (nist) in certain contexts.

Making Interrogative Statements in the Present Tense

To make an interrogative statement in the present tense, we need to use the word "آیا" (âyâ) at the beginning of the sentence. Let's take a look at some examples:

  • Are you reading a book?
  • آیا تو کتاب می‌خوانی؟ (âyâ to ketâb mi-xândi)
  • Is he eating an apple?
  • آیا او سیب می‌خورَد؟ (âyâ u sib mi-xândad)
  • Is she coming to the party?
  • آیا او به مهمانی می‌آیَد؟ (âyâ u be mehmâni mi-âyad)
  • Are we going to the park?
  • آیا ما به پارک می‌رَویم؟ (âyâ mâ be pârk mi-rawim)
  • Are they studying for the exam?
  • آیا آن‌ها برای امتحان می‌خوانَند؟ (âyâ ân-hâ barâye emtehân mi-xândand)

In interrogative statements, the word "آیا" (âyâ) is placed at the beginning of the sentence to indicate a question. The verb and subject remain in their regular order without any changes. It is important to note that in Iranian Persian, questions can also be formed by changing the intonation of the sentence without using the word "آیا" (âyâ).

Practice Exercise

Now that we have learned how to conjugate regular verbs in the present tense and make simple statements in the affirmative, negative, and interrogative form, let's practice with some exercises. Complete the following sentences using the correct form of the verb in the present tense:

  • I __________ a book.
  • You __________ an apple.
  • He __________ a letter.
  • She __________ to the party.
  • We __________ to the park.
  • They __________ for the exam.

Once you have completed the exercise, you can check your answers below:

  • I am reading a book.
  • You are eating an apple.
  • He is writing a letter.
  • She is coming to the party.
  • We are going to the park.
  • They are studying for the exam.

Conclusion

Congratulations! You have successfully learned how to conjugate regular verbs in the present tense and make simple statements in the affirmative, negative, and interrogative form. This is a crucial step in mastering Iranian Persian grammar and will greatly enhance your ability to communicate in Persian. Keep practicing and using these structures in everyday conversations to solidify your understanding. In the next lesson, we will continue to explore sentence structure and verb conjugation in Iranian Persian. Until then, khodâ hâféz (goodbye) and bedrud (good luck)!

Table of Contents - Iranian Persian Course - 0 to A1


Unit 1: Basic greetings and introductions


Unit 2: Sentence structure and basic verb conjugation


Unit 3: Talking about daily routines


Unit 4: Object pronouns and possessive pronouns


Unit 5: Persian culture and customs


Unit 6: Food and drink


Unit 7: Past tense and regular verbs conjugation


Unit 8: Persian literature and arts


Unit 9: Travel and transportation


Unit 10: Imperative mood, infinitives and complex sentences


Unit 11: Persian history and geography


Unit 12: Leisure and entertainment



Other Lessons



◀️ Lesson 4: Present tense conjugation of the verb "to be" — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Lesson 6: Talking about your daily routine ▶️

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