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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Turkish|Turkish]]  → [[Language/Turkish/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Turkish/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Complex Grammar → Participles</div>
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<div class="pg_page_title">Turkish Grammar → Complex Grammar → Participles</div>
== Introduction ==


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In this lesson, we will explore the complex grammar topic of participles in the Turkish language. Participles are verb forms that can function as adjectives or adverbs, and they play an important role in sentence construction and adding descriptive details. By understanding the different forms and uses of participles, you will be able to express yourself more fluently and accurately in Turkish. So let's dive into the world of Turkish participles!
 
== What are Participles? ==


Participles are an important aspect of Turkish grammar. In this lesson, you will learn what participles are, how to form them, and how to use them in sentences.  
Participles are verb forms that are derived from verbs and can function as adjectives or adverbs in a sentence. They can be used to describe nouns, provide additional information, or indicate the manner in which an action is performed. In Turkish, participles are formed by adding suffixes to the verb root, and these suffixes change depending on the tense, voice, and aspect of the verb. There are three main types of participles in Turkish: present participle, past participle, and future participle. Let's explore each type in detail.


== What are Participles ==
=== Present Participle ===


Participles are verb forms that can have the characteristics of both verbs and adjectives. They are formed from verbs and can be used to describe the action of the verb in a sentence. They are often used to modify nouns or noun phrases, creating more complex sentences.
The present participle, also known as the active participle, is used to describe ongoing or continuous actions. It is formed by adding the suffix "-en/-an" to the verb root. Let's take a look at some examples:


Turkish has two types of participles: past participles and present participles.
{| class="wikitable"
! Turkish !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| çalışmak (to work) || çalışan || working
|-
| okumak (to read) || okuyan || reading
|-
| yazmak (to write) || yazan || writing
|-
| dinlemek (to listen) || dinleyen || listening
|}


== Past Participles ==
As you can see, the present participle suffix "-en/-an" is added directly to the verb root. This form can be used to describe a person or thing that is currently performing the action indicated by the verb. For example, "çalışan öğrenci" means "working student" and "okuyan kitap" means "reading book".


Past participles in Turkish are formed using the suffix -miş. They can be used to describe actions that have already taken place.
=== Past Participle ===


Here is how to form past participles in Turkish:
The past participle, also known as the passive participle, is used to describe completed or passive actions. It is formed by adding the suffix "-il/-ıl/-ul/-ül" to the verb root. Let's take a look at some examples:


# Remove the final vowel from the verb root.
{| class="wikitable"
# Add -miş suffix
! Turkish !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| çalışmak (to work) || çalışılan || worked
|-
| okumak (to read) || okunan || read
|-
| yazmak (to write) || yazılan || written
|-
| dinlemek (to listen) || dinlenen || listened
|}


For example, let’s look at the verb “görmek” which means “to see”. Its past participle form is “gör-müş” which means “seen”.  
The past participle suffix "-il/-ıl/-ul/-ül" is added directly to the verb root. This form can be used to describe a person or thing that has undergone the action indicated by the verb. For example, "çalışılan iş" means "worked job" and "okunan kitap" means "read book".


Here is an example of how to use past participles in a sentence:
=== Future Participle ===


* "Ben lisede okumuş öğrenciyim." (I am a student who has graduated from high school.)
The future participle, also known as the prospective participle, is used to describe actions that will happen in the future. It is formed by adding the suffix "-ecek/-acak" to the verb root. Let's take a look at some examples:
* "Çocuk oynamış parkta." (The child who played in the park.)


Notice how in the examples above, the past participle plays the role of an adjective and modifies the noun.
{| class="wikitable"
! Turkish !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| çalışmak (to work) || çalışacak || will work
|-
| okumak (to read) || okuyacak || will read
|-
| yazmak (to write) || yazacak || will write
|-
| dinlemek (to listen) || dinleyecek || will listen
|}


== Present Participles ==
The future participle suffix "-ecek/-acak" is added directly to the verb root. This form can be used to describe a person or thing that will perform the action indicated by the verb in the future. For example, "çalışacak kişi" means "person who will work" and "okuyacak kitap" means "book that will be read".


Present participles in Turkish are formed using the suffix -iyor. They describe actions that are currently taking place.
== Uses of Participles ==


Here is how to form present participles in Turkish:
Participles are versatile verb forms that can be used in various ways in a sentence. Let's explore some of the common uses of participles in Turkish grammar.


# Remove the -mek or -mak ending from the verb root.
=== Adjective Use ===
# Add -iyor suffix.


For example, let's look at the verb “yapmak” which means “to do”. Its present participle form is “yap-ıyor” which means “doing”.  
One of the main uses of participles is as adjectives. Participles can be used to describe nouns and provide additional information about them. In this case, participles function like regular adjectives and agree with the noun they modify in terms of number and case. Here are some examples:


Here is an example of how to use present participles in a sentence:
* Çiçek açan ağaçlar güzeldir. (Flowering trees are beautiful.)
* Yıkanan bebek mutlu. (The washed baby is happy.)


* "O yemek yapıyor." (He/She is making food.)
In these examples, the present participle "açan" (flowering) and the past participle "yıkanan" (washed) are used as adjectives to describe the nouns "ağaçlar" (trees) and "bebek" (baby), respectively.
* "Ben kitap okuyorum." (I am reading a book.)


Notice how in the examples above, the present participle plays the role of a verb and describes an ongoing action.
=== Adverb Use ===


== Participles in Complex Sentences ==
Participles can also be used as adverbs to provide additional information about the manner in which an action is performed. In this case, participles modify verbs and provide details about how the action is carried out. Here are some examples:


Participles can be used in complex sentences to create more detailed descriptions. They can be used with conjunctions like ama (but), fakat (however), veya (or), and de (also/too).
* Hızla koşan çocuk parka gitti. (The child running quickly went to the park.)
* Sabah erken kalkan insanlar sağlıklıdır. (People who wake up early in the morning are healthy.)


Here are some examples of how participles are used in complex sentences:
In these examples, the present participle "koşan" (running) and the past participle "kalkan" (waking up) are used as adverbs to modify the verbs "gitti" (went) and "sağlıklıdır" (are healthy), respectively.


* "Ben yorgunum, ama yemek yapmak zorundayım." (I am tired, but I have to cook.)
=== Noun Modifier Use ===
* "Türkiye güzel bir ülke, fakat bazı sorunları var." (Turkey is a beautiful country, however, it has some problems.)
* "Ahmet ödev yapıyor ve Ali televizyon izliyor." (Ahmet is doing homework and Ali is watching TV.)


Notice how participles are used to provide more information about the actions in the sentence.
Participles can also be used to modify nouns and create compound nouns. In this case, the participle functions as a modifier and provides additional information about the noun it is attached to. Here are some examples:


== Summary ==
* Yemek pişiren kadın mutfağa gitti. (The woman who is cooking went to the kitchen.)
* Araba yıkayan adam para kazanıyor. (The man who washes cars is earning money.)


Participles play an important role in Turkish grammar. They provide more detail about actions in a sentence and can be used to form complex sentences. In this lesson, we learned about past and present participles, how to form them, and how to use them in sentences.
In these examples, the present participle "pişiren" (cooking) and the present participle "yıkayan" (washing) are used to modify the nouns "kadın" (woman) and "adam" (man), respectively.


== Conclusion ==


<span class='maj'></span>
In this lesson, we have explored the complex grammar topic of participles in the Turkish language. We have learned about the different types of participles (present, past, and future) and their uses as adjectives, adverbs, and noun modifiers. By understanding the forms and uses of participles, you will be able to express yourself more effectively and accurately in Turkish. So keep practicing and incorporating participles into your Turkish language skills. Happy learning!
==Sources==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_grammar Turkish grammar - Wikipedia]
* [https://babel.ucsc.edu/~hank/trg/Turkish_Participles.pdf Turkish Participles]
* [https://jimmasters.tripod.com/turkish-participle-construction.html The Turkish participles -- Learn Turkish - Learn Turkish]


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|title=Turkish Grammar → Complex Grammar → Participles
|keywords=Turkish grammar, Participles, Turkish course, Complete Turkish course
|keywords=Turkish grammar, Turkish language, Turkish course, Turkish lessons, participles in Turkish, present participle, past participle, future participle
|description=In this lesson, you will learn about Turkish Participles, the ways to form them and how to use them in a sentence.
|description=In this lesson, you will learn about the complex grammar topic of participles in the Turkish language. Understand the different types of participles and their uses as adjectives, adverbs, and noun modifiers.
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==Videos==
==Videos==
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==Related Lessons==
 
==Sources==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_grammar Turkish grammar - Wikipedia]
* [https://babel.ucsc.edu/~hank/trg/Turkish_Participles.pdf Turkish Participles]
* [https://jimmasters.tripod.com/turkish-participle-construction.html The Turkish participles -- Learn Turkish - Learn Turkish]
 
 
 
==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Turkish/Grammar/The-Inclusive-Case-in-Turkish|The Inclusive Case in Turkish]]
* [[Language/Turkish/Grammar/The-Inclusive-Case-in-Turkish|The Inclusive Case in Turkish]]
* [[Language/Turkish/Grammar/Vowels-and-Consonants|Vowels and Consonants]]
* [[Language/Turkish/Grammar/Vowels-and-Consonants|Vowels and Consonants]]
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* [[Language/Turkish/Grammar/How-to-Use-Have|How to Use Have]]
* [[Language/Turkish/Grammar/How-to-Use-Have|How to Use Have]]
* [[Language/Turkish/Grammar/Pronunciation|Pronunciation]]
* [[Language/Turkish/Grammar/Pronunciation|Pronunciation]]


{{Turkish-Page-Bottom}}
{{Turkish-Page-Bottom}}
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{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
|[[Language/Turkish/Grammar/Cases|◀️ Cases — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Turkish/Grammar/Conditional-Sentences|Next Lesson — Conditional Sentences ▶️]]
|}
</span>

Latest revision as of 00:19, 17 June 2023

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Turkish → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Complex Grammar → Participles

Introduction[edit | edit source]

In this lesson, we will explore the complex grammar topic of participles in the Turkish language. Participles are verb forms that can function as adjectives or adverbs, and they play an important role in sentence construction and adding descriptive details. By understanding the different forms and uses of participles, you will be able to express yourself more fluently and accurately in Turkish. So let's dive into the world of Turkish participles!

What are Participles?[edit | edit source]

Participles are verb forms that are derived from verbs and can function as adjectives or adverbs in a sentence. They can be used to describe nouns, provide additional information, or indicate the manner in which an action is performed. In Turkish, participles are formed by adding suffixes to the verb root, and these suffixes change depending on the tense, voice, and aspect of the verb. There are three main types of participles in Turkish: present participle, past participle, and future participle. Let's explore each type in detail.

Present Participle[edit | edit source]

The present participle, also known as the active participle, is used to describe ongoing or continuous actions. It is formed by adding the suffix "-en/-an" to the verb root. Let's take a look at some examples:

Turkish Pronunciation English
çalışmak (to work) çalışan working
okumak (to read) okuyan reading
yazmak (to write) yazan writing
dinlemek (to listen) dinleyen listening

As you can see, the present participle suffix "-en/-an" is added directly to the verb root. This form can be used to describe a person or thing that is currently performing the action indicated by the verb. For example, "çalışan öğrenci" means "working student" and "okuyan kitap" means "reading book".

Past Participle[edit | edit source]

The past participle, also known as the passive participle, is used to describe completed or passive actions. It is formed by adding the suffix "-il/-ıl/-ul/-ül" to the verb root. Let's take a look at some examples:

Turkish Pronunciation English
çalışmak (to work) çalışılan worked
okumak (to read) okunan read
yazmak (to write) yazılan written
dinlemek (to listen) dinlenen listened

The past participle suffix "-il/-ıl/-ul/-ül" is added directly to the verb root. This form can be used to describe a person or thing that has undergone the action indicated by the verb. For example, "çalışılan iş" means "worked job" and "okunan kitap" means "read book".

Future Participle[edit | edit source]

The future participle, also known as the prospective participle, is used to describe actions that will happen in the future. It is formed by adding the suffix "-ecek/-acak" to the verb root. Let's take a look at some examples:

Turkish Pronunciation English
çalışmak (to work) çalışacak will work
okumak (to read) okuyacak will read
yazmak (to write) yazacak will write
dinlemek (to listen) dinleyecek will listen

The future participle suffix "-ecek/-acak" is added directly to the verb root. This form can be used to describe a person or thing that will perform the action indicated by the verb in the future. For example, "çalışacak kişi" means "person who will work" and "okuyacak kitap" means "book that will be read".

Uses of Participles[edit | edit source]

Participles are versatile verb forms that can be used in various ways in a sentence. Let's explore some of the common uses of participles in Turkish grammar.

Adjective Use[edit | edit source]

One of the main uses of participles is as adjectives. Participles can be used to describe nouns and provide additional information about them. In this case, participles function like regular adjectives and agree with the noun they modify in terms of number and case. Here are some examples:

  • Çiçek açan ağaçlar güzeldir. (Flowering trees are beautiful.)
  • Yıkanan bebek mutlu. (The washed baby is happy.)

In these examples, the present participle "açan" (flowering) and the past participle "yıkanan" (washed) are used as adjectives to describe the nouns "ağaçlar" (trees) and "bebek" (baby), respectively.

Adverb Use[edit | edit source]

Participles can also be used as adverbs to provide additional information about the manner in which an action is performed. In this case, participles modify verbs and provide details about how the action is carried out. Here are some examples:

  • Hızla koşan çocuk parka gitti. (The child running quickly went to the park.)
  • Sabah erken kalkan insanlar sağlıklıdır. (People who wake up early in the morning are healthy.)

In these examples, the present participle "koşan" (running) and the past participle "kalkan" (waking up) are used as adverbs to modify the verbs "gitti" (went) and "sağlıklıdır" (are healthy), respectively.

Noun Modifier Use[edit | edit source]

Participles can also be used to modify nouns and create compound nouns. In this case, the participle functions as a modifier and provides additional information about the noun it is attached to. Here are some examples:

  • Yemek pişiren kadın mutfağa gitti. (The woman who is cooking went to the kitchen.)
  • Araba yıkayan adam para kazanıyor. (The man who washes cars is earning money.)

In these examples, the present participle "pişiren" (cooking) and the present participle "yıkayan" (washing) are used to modify the nouns "kadın" (woman) and "adam" (man), respectively.

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

In this lesson, we have explored the complex grammar topic of participles in the Turkish language. We have learned about the different types of participles (present, past, and future) and their uses as adjectives, adverbs, and noun modifiers. By understanding the forms and uses of participles, you will be able to express yourself more effectively and accurately in Turkish. So keep practicing and incorporating participles into your Turkish language skills. Happy learning!

Table of Contents - Turkish Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Turkish Alphabet


Basic Grammar


Complex Grammar


Everyday Phrases


Numbers and Time


Turkish Culture


Daily Life

Videos[edit | edit source]

Learn Turkish-30 Participle Suffix - YouTube[edit | edit source]


Sources[edit | edit source]


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



◀️ Cases — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Conditional Sentences ▶️

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