Difference between revisions of "Language/Russian/Grammar/Comparatives-and-Superlatives"
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|[[Language/Russian/Grammar/Adjective-Agreement|◀️ Adjective Agreement — Previous Lesson]] | |||
|[[Language/Russian/Vocabulary/Hobbies|Next Lesson — Hobbies ▶️]] | |||
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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Russian|Russian]] → [[Language/Russian/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Russian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Adjectives and Adverbs → Comparatives and Superlatives</div> | <div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Russian|Russian]] → [[Language/Russian/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Russian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Adjectives and Adverbs → Comparatives and Superlatives</div> | ||
__TOC__ | __TOC__ | ||
== Introduction == | |||
Welcome to the lesson on comparatives and superlatives in Russian grammar! In this lesson, you will learn how to form comparatives and superlatives of adjectives and adverbs in Russian, and how to use them in sentences. This lesson is part of the "Complete 0 to A1 Russian Course" and is designed for complete beginners who want to learn Russian. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid understanding of how to compare things and express the highest degree of something in Russian. So let's get started! | |||
== Adjective Agreement == | |||
Before we dive into comparatives and superlatives, let's quickly review adjective agreement in Russian. Adjectives in Russian change their form to agree with the noun they modify in gender, number, and case. This means that the ending of the adjective will change depending on the gender of the noun it describes, whether the noun is singular or plural, and the grammatical case it appears in. | |||
For example, let's take the adjective "красивый" (beautiful) and see how it changes based on the noun it modifies: | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! Russian !! Pronunciation !! English | |||
|- | |||
| красивый || krah-SEE-vy || beautiful (masculine singular) | |||
|- | |||
| красивая || krah-SEE-vuh-yuh || beautiful (feminine singular) | |||
|- | |||
| красивое || krah-SEE-vuh-ye || beautiful (neuter singular) | |||
|- | |||
| красивые || krah-SEE-vy-ye || beautiful (plural) | |||
|} | |||
As you can see, the ending of the adjective changes depending on the gender and number of the noun it describes. This is an important concept to understand when forming comparatives and superlatives in Russian. | |||
== Comparatives == | |||
Comparatives are used to compare two things or express a higher degree of something. In Russian, comparatives can be formed in two ways: by adding the suffix "-ее" or by using the word "более" (more) followed by the adjective or adverb. | |||
Let's see some examples of how to form comparatives in Russian: | |||
1. Using the "-ее" suffix: | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! Russian !! Pronunciation !! English | ! Russian !! Pronunciation !! English | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | хороший || hah-ROH-shee || good | ||
| | |- | ||
| лучше || LOO-she || better | |||
|- | |||
| плохой || PLOH-khoy || bad | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | хуже || HOO-zhe || worse | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | большой || BOHL'-shoy || big | ||
| | |- | ||
| больше || BOHL'-she || bigger | |||
|} | |} | ||
As you can see | As you can see, to form the comparative, we simply add the "-ее" suffix to the adjective or adverb. | ||
2. Using the word "более" (more): | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! Russian !! Pronunciation !! English | ! Russian !! Pronunciation !! English | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | интересный || een-tye-REHS-ny || interesting | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | более интересный || BOH-lye-ye een-tye-REHS-ny || more interesting | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | скучный || SKOOCH-ny || boring | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | более скучный || BOH-lye-ye SKOOCH-ny || more boring | ||
|} | |} | ||
In this case, we use the word "более" (more) before the adjective or adverb to indicate the comparative form. | |||
== Superlatives == | |||
Superlatives are used to express the highest or most extreme degree of something. In Russian, superlatives can be formed in two ways: by adding the suffix "-ейший" or by using the word "самый" (the most) followed by the adjective or adverb. | |||
Let's | Let's see some examples of how to form superlatives in Russian: | ||
1. Using the "-ейший" suffix: | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! Russian !! Pronunciation !! English | ! Russian !! Pronunciation !! English | ||
|- | |- | ||
| высокий | | высокий || VY-so-kee || tall | ||
|- | |- | ||
| самый высокий || SAH-miy VY-so-kee || the tallest | |||
| самый | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | маленький || mah-LYEN'-kee || small | ||
| самый | |- | ||
| самый маленький || SAH-miy mah-LYEN'-kee || the smallest | |||
|- | |||
| умный || OOM-ny || smart | |||
|- | |||
| самый умный || SAH-miy OOM-ny || the smartest | |||
|} | |} | ||
To form the superlative, we add the "-ейший" suffix to the adjective or adverb. | |||
2. Using the word "самый" (the most): | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! Russian !! Pronunciation !! English | ! Russian !! Pronunciation !! English | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | красивый || krah-SEE-vy || beautiful | ||
|- | |- | ||
| самый красивый || SAH-miy krah-SEE-vy || the most beautiful | |||
| самый | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | интересный || een-tye-REHS-ny || interesting | ||
|- | |- | ||
| самый интересный || SAH-miy een-tye-REHS-ny || the most interesting | |||
| самый | |||
|} | |} | ||
In this case, we use the word "самый" (the most) before the adjective or adverb to indicate the superlative form. | |||
== Using Comparatives and Superlatives in Sentences == | |||
Now that we know how to form comparatives and superlatives in Russian, let's learn how to use them in sentences. | |||
1. Comparatives: | |||
When using comparatives in sentences, we need to keep in mind the following structure: | |||
Subject + verb + comparative + noun | |||
For example: | |||
- Моя кошка выше твоей кошки. (My cat is taller than your cat.) | |||
- Этот фильм интереснее того фильма. (This movie is more interesting than that movie.) | |||
In these examples, the comparative form of the adjective is used to compare two things. | |||
2. Superlatives: | |||
When | When using superlatives in sentences, we need to keep in mind the following structure: | ||
Subject + verb + superlative + noun | |||
For example: | |||
- Ленинград - самый красивый город России. (St. Petersburg is the most beautiful city in Russia.) | |||
- Это самое вкусное блюдо, которое я когда-либо пробовал. (This is the most delicious dish I've ever tried.) | |||
In these examples, the superlative form of the adjective is used to indicate the highest degree of something. | |||
== Conclusion == | |||
Congratulations! You have learned how to form comparatives and superlatives of adjectives and adverbs in Russian. You now know how to compare things and express the highest degree of something. Keep practicing and using comparatives and superlatives in your conversations to improve your Russian skills. In the next lesson, we will continue exploring the world of Russian grammar. Спасибо и до скорой встречи! (Thank you and see you soon!) | |||
{{#seo: | |||
|title=Russian Grammar → Adjectives and Adverbs → Comparatives and Superlatives | |||
|keywords=Russian grammar, adjectives, adverbs, comparatives, superlatives, Russian course, beginner Russian | |||
|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to form comparatives and superlatives of adjectives and adverbs in Russian, and how to use them in sentences. | |||
}} | |||
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==Videos== | ==Videos== | ||
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===Intermediate Russian: Making Comparisons. Comparatives - YouTube=== | ===Intermediate Russian: Making Comparisons. Comparatives - YouTube=== | ||
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PX6XeRv8L3U</youtube> | <youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PX6XeRv8L3U</youtube> | ||
==Sources== | |||
* [https://russianenthusiast.com/russian-grammar/comparatives-and-superlatives/ Comparatives and superlatives of Russian adjectives explained] | |||
* [http://www.study-languages-online.com/russian-adjective-superlative.html Superlative adjective :: Study Russian Online] | |||
* [https://www.ruspeach.com/en/learning/13553/ Comparative adjectives in the Russian language] | |||
==Other Lessons== | |||
* [[Language/Russian/Grammar/How-to-Use-be|How to Use be]] | |||
* [[Language/Russian/Grammar/Nouns|Nouns]] | |||
* [[Language/Russian/Grammar/Personal-Pronouns|Personal Pronouns]] | |||
* [[Language/Russian/Grammar/Punctuation|Punctuation]] | |||
* [[Language/Russian/Grammar/Noun-Adjective-Agreement|Noun Adjective Agreement]] | |||
* [[Language/Russian/Grammar/Use-of-the-verb-быть-in-the-past|Use of the verb быть in the past]] | |||
* [[Language/Russian/Grammar/Give-your-Opinion|Give your Opinion]] | |||
* [[Language/Russian/Grammar/To-and-же-particles-in-Russian|To and же particles in Russian]] | |||
* [[Language/Russian/Grammar/Perfective-Imperfective|Perfective Imperfective]] | |||
* [[Language/Russian/Grammar/Nominative-Case|Nominative Case]] | |||
{{Russian-Page-Bottom}} | {{Russian-Page-Bottom}} | ||
<span pgnav> | |||
{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav" | |||
|[[Language/Russian/Grammar/Adjective-Agreement|◀️ Adjective Agreement — Previous Lesson]] | |||
|[[Language/Russian/Vocabulary/Hobbies|Next Lesson — Hobbies ▶️]] | |||
|} | |||
</span> |
Latest revision as of 18:34, 16 June 2023
◀️ Adjective Agreement — Previous Lesson | Next Lesson — Hobbies ▶️ |
Introduction[edit | edit source]
Welcome to the lesson on comparatives and superlatives in Russian grammar! In this lesson, you will learn how to form comparatives and superlatives of adjectives and adverbs in Russian, and how to use them in sentences. This lesson is part of the "Complete 0 to A1 Russian Course" and is designed for complete beginners who want to learn Russian. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid understanding of how to compare things and express the highest degree of something in Russian. So let's get started!
Adjective Agreement[edit | edit source]
Before we dive into comparatives and superlatives, let's quickly review adjective agreement in Russian. Adjectives in Russian change their form to agree with the noun they modify in gender, number, and case. This means that the ending of the adjective will change depending on the gender of the noun it describes, whether the noun is singular or plural, and the grammatical case it appears in.
For example, let's take the adjective "красивый" (beautiful) and see how it changes based on the noun it modifies:
Russian | Pronunciation | English |
---|---|---|
красивый | krah-SEE-vy | beautiful (masculine singular) |
красивая | krah-SEE-vuh-yuh | beautiful (feminine singular) |
красивое | krah-SEE-vuh-ye | beautiful (neuter singular) |
красивые | krah-SEE-vy-ye | beautiful (plural) |
As you can see, the ending of the adjective changes depending on the gender and number of the noun it describes. This is an important concept to understand when forming comparatives and superlatives in Russian.
Comparatives[edit | edit source]
Comparatives are used to compare two things or express a higher degree of something. In Russian, comparatives can be formed in two ways: by adding the suffix "-ее" or by using the word "более" (more) followed by the adjective or adverb.
Let's see some examples of how to form comparatives in Russian:
1. Using the "-ее" suffix:
Russian | Pronunciation | English |
---|---|---|
хороший | hah-ROH-shee | good |
лучше | LOO-she | better |
плохой | PLOH-khoy | bad |
хуже | HOO-zhe | worse |
большой | BOHL'-shoy | big |
больше | BOHL'-she | bigger |
As you can see, to form the comparative, we simply add the "-ее" suffix to the adjective or adverb.
2. Using the word "более" (more):
Russian | Pronunciation | English |
---|---|---|
интересный | een-tye-REHS-ny | interesting |
более интересный | BOH-lye-ye een-tye-REHS-ny | more interesting |
скучный | SKOOCH-ny | boring |
более скучный | BOH-lye-ye SKOOCH-ny | more boring |
In this case, we use the word "более" (more) before the adjective or adverb to indicate the comparative form.
Superlatives[edit | edit source]
Superlatives are used to express the highest or most extreme degree of something. In Russian, superlatives can be formed in two ways: by adding the suffix "-ейший" or by using the word "самый" (the most) followed by the adjective or adverb.
Let's see some examples of how to form superlatives in Russian:
1. Using the "-ейший" suffix:
Russian | Pronunciation | English |
---|---|---|
высокий | VY-so-kee | tall |
самый высокий | SAH-miy VY-so-kee | the tallest |
маленький | mah-LYEN'-kee | small |
самый маленький | SAH-miy mah-LYEN'-kee | the smallest |
умный | OOM-ny | smart |
самый умный | SAH-miy OOM-ny | the smartest |
To form the superlative, we add the "-ейший" suffix to the adjective or adverb.
2. Using the word "самый" (the most):
Russian | Pronunciation | English |
---|---|---|
красивый | krah-SEE-vy | beautiful |
самый красивый | SAH-miy krah-SEE-vy | the most beautiful |
интересный | een-tye-REHS-ny | interesting |
самый интересный | SAH-miy een-tye-REHS-ny | the most interesting |
In this case, we use the word "самый" (the most) before the adjective or adverb to indicate the superlative form.
Using Comparatives and Superlatives in Sentences[edit | edit source]
Now that we know how to form comparatives and superlatives in Russian, let's learn how to use them in sentences.
1. Comparatives:
When using comparatives in sentences, we need to keep in mind the following structure:
Subject + verb + comparative + noun
For example:
- Моя кошка выше твоей кошки. (My cat is taller than your cat.) - Этот фильм интереснее того фильма. (This movie is more interesting than that movie.)
In these examples, the comparative form of the adjective is used to compare two things.
2. Superlatives:
When using superlatives in sentences, we need to keep in mind the following structure:
Subject + verb + superlative + noun
For example:
- Ленинград - самый красивый город России. (St. Petersburg is the most beautiful city in Russia.) - Это самое вкусное блюдо, которое я когда-либо пробовал. (This is the most delicious dish I've ever tried.)
In these examples, the superlative form of the adjective is used to indicate the highest degree of something.
Conclusion[edit | edit source]
Congratulations! You have learned how to form comparatives and superlatives of adjectives and adverbs in Russian. You now know how to compare things and express the highest degree of something. Keep practicing and using comparatives and superlatives in your conversations to improve your Russian skills. In the next lesson, we will continue exploring the world of Russian grammar. Спасибо и до скорой встречи! (Thank you and see you soon!)
Videos[edit | edit source]
Russian Grammar: Degrees of Comparison - YouTube[edit | edit source]
Intermediate Russian: Making Comparisons. Comparatives - YouTube[edit | edit source]
Sources[edit | edit source]
- Comparatives and superlatives of Russian adjectives explained
- Superlative adjective :: Study Russian Online
- Comparative adjectives in the Russian language
Other Lessons[edit | edit source]
- How to Use be
- Nouns
- Personal Pronouns
- Punctuation
- Noun Adjective Agreement
- Use of the verb быть in the past
- Give your Opinion
- To and же particles in Russian
- Perfective Imperfective
- Nominative Case
◀️ Adjective Agreement — Previous Lesson | Next Lesson — Hobbies ▶️ |