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Revision as of 20:06, 29 March 2023
| ◀️ Present Tense — Previous Lesson | Next Lesson — Common Foods ▶️ |
As a native North Azerbaijani speaker and a language teacher for over 20 years, I am excited to guide you through the past tense in North Azerbaijani. This lesson is designed for complete beginners, and by the end, you will be able to form and use the past tense for regular and irregular verbs.
Learning a new language requires patience and practice, but it can open up a whole new world of opportunities for you. North Azerbaijani is a fascinating language with a rich cultural heritage, spoken by over 10 million people worldwide. Let's get started!
Don't miss the chance to check out these pages as you wrap up this lesson: Questions & Prepositions.
Forming the Past Tense in North Azerbaijani
In North Azerbaijani, the past tense is formed by adding the suffix "-di" to the end of the verb. The suffix "-dı" is used when the last vowel of the verb stem is "a", "ı", "o", or "u". For example:
- Etmək (to do) → Ed-dı (did)
- Yazmaq (to write) → Yazdı (wrote)
- Durmaq (to stop) → Durdı (stopped)
- Gəlmək (to come) → Gəldi (came)
The suffix "-di" is used when the last vowel of the verb stem is "e", "i", "ö", or "ü". For example:
- İşləmək (to work) → İşlədi (worked)
- İzmirləmək (to look) → İzmirlədi (looked)
- Örmək (to sew) → Ördü (sewed)
- Üzülmək (to be sad) → Üzüldü (was sad)
It's important to note that the past tense suffix does not change for different subjects or objects. The same suffix "-di" is used for all conjugations.
Let's take a look at some examples with regular and irregular verbs:
| North Azerbaijani | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| Mən işlədi-m | мен ишледим | I worked |
| Sən baxdın | сэн бахдын | You looked |
| O, oyandı | о, ойанды | He/she woke up |
| Biz əyləndik | биз эйлэндык | We had fun (lit. "we entertained ourselves") |
| Siz çatdınız | сиз чатдыныз | You arrived |
| Onlar gördülər | онлар гёрдюләр | They saw |
Irregular Verbs in the Past Tense
Like most languages, North Azerbaijani has some irregular verbs in the past tense. These verbs do not follow the regular "-di" suffix rule and must be memorized. Here are some examples:
- Olmaq (to be) → İd-i (was)
- Gəlmək (to come) → Gəl-dim (came)
- Getmək (to go) → Ged-dim (went)
- Qoymaq (to leave) → Qoydum (left)
- Et (to do) → Etdim (did)
- Almaq (to take) → Aldım (took)
- Vermək (to give) → Verdim (gave)
When using irregular verbs, it's important to pay attention to the first and second person conjugations, as they have unique forms. For example:
- Olmaq (to be) → Mən idim (I was), Sən idin (you were)
- Gəlmək (to come) → Mən gəldim (I came), Sən gəldin (you came)
- Getmək (to go) → Mən geddim (I went), Sən geddin (you went)
- Qoymaq (to leave) → Mən qoydum (I left), Sən qoydun (you left)
- Et (to do) → Mən etdim (I did), Sən etdin (you did)
- Almaq (to take) → Mən aldim (I took), Sən aldin (you took)
- Vermək (to give) → Mən verdim (I gave), Sən verdin (you gave)
Negative Form of the Past Tense
To form the negative form of the past tense in North Azerbaijani, we add the word "de" after the verb stem, followed by the suffix "-di". For example:
- Etmək (to do) → Et-mə-de-dı (did not do)
- Yazmaq (to write) → Yaz-ma-de-dı (did not write)
- Durmaq (to stop) → Dur-ma-de-dı (did not stop)
- Gəlmək (to come) → Gəl-me-de-dı (did not come)
Here are some examples with irregular verbs in the negative form:
- Olmaq (to be) → Ol-ma-de-y-di (was not)
- Getmək (to go) → Ged-mə-dəy-dim (did not go)
- Qoymaq (to leave) → Qoyma-de-ydim (did not leave)
It's important to note that the negative suffix "-de" is only added to the present tense stem. The past tense suffix "-di" is added as usual.
Questions in the Past Tense
To ask a question in the past tense in North Azerbaijani, we use the following word order:
Interrogative word + subject + verb stem + past tense suffix
For example:
- Nə etdi? (What did he/she do?)
- Necə qaldın? (How long did you stay?)
- Kimlə gəldin? (Who did you come with?)
Interrogative words that can be used in North Azerbaijani include:
- Nə (What)
- Necə (How)
- Harada (Where)
- Nə zaman (When)
- Niyə (Why)
- Kim (Who)
- Hansı (Which)
- Necə olmuşdu? (How was it?)
Conclusion
Congratulations! You have learned how to form and use the past tense in North Azerbaijani. Take time to practice with regular and irregular verbs and ask questions in the past tense to solidify your understanding.
Remember to be patient with yourself and continue practicing consistently. In the next lesson, we will cover the future tense in North Azerbaijani. Until then, hayırlı olsun (good luck)!
Impressive work on finishing this lesson! Explore these additional pages to enhance your understanding: North Azerbaijani Alphabet & Basic Pronunciation Rules.
Other Lessons
- Pronouns
- Expressing possession
- Conjunctions
- Past tense verbs
- North Azerbaijani Alphabet
- Present Tense
- 0 to A1 Course
- Future tense verbs
- Future Tense
- Prepositions
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| ◀️ Present Tense — Previous Lesson | Next Lesson — Common Foods ▶️ |