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Revision as of 18:24, 29 March 2023

◀️ General Adverbs — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Modal Adverbs ▶️

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Kazakh Grammar → Adverbs → Temporal Adverbs

As a Kazakh language teacher with over 20 years of experience, I am excited to teach you about temporal adverbs in Kazakh. These adverbs allow you to express time and duration in your sentences.

Temporal adverbs refer to a specific time period, such as now, yesterday, or tomorrow, or a duration of time, such as always, often, or rarely. These adverbs are essential in everyday Kazakh conversations, and by mastering them, you will be able to express yourself more clearly and fluently in Kazakh.


Finish this lesson and explore these related pages: Adjectives & Genitive Case.

Forming Temporal Adverbs

Most temporal adverbs in Kazakh are formed by adding the suffix "-да" ("-de" in Latin script) to the end of a noun or pronoun. This suffix corresponds to the English "-ly" suffix used to form adverbs. For example, the noun "кеше" (késhe) means "night" in Kazakh, and "кешеде" (késhe-de) means "nightly".

Here are some more examples:

Kazakh Pronunciation English
күн kýn day
күндіз kýn-diz daytime
аптапқы aptap-qy weekly
айлық ai-lyq monthly
жылдық jyldyq yearly
алдын-ала aldın-ala forwards and backwards

Some Kazakh adverbs don't follow the "-да" suffix pattern. Here are a few:

  • "қазір" (kazir) - now
  • "соңы" (sony) - last
  • "келесі" (kelesi) - next

Using Temporal Adverbs in Sentences

In Kazakh, the temporal adverb usually comes right before the verb. Here are some examples:

  • Қазірдың келгені кайда? (Kazirdyñ kelgeni kaida?) - Where were you now?
  • Аптапқы Күнбағымызға кел! (Aptap-qy Kýnbagymyzğa kel!) - Come on Sunday!
  • Әйел жылқы ағайында көрген дәрігерге бара алмайтын. (Aýel jyłqy ağayynda körgen därigerge bara almaıtyn.) - The woman does not go to the doctor she previously saw often.

In Kazakh, the word order may vary depending on the sentence structure and context. Also, the sentence doesn't always have to include a subject.

Here's an example with no subject:

  • Кешеде көрісіптіңбіз боп жүрдік. (Késhe-de körisiptiñbiz bop jýrdik.) - We walked nightly.

And here's an example where place adverbs come after time adverbs:

  • Сабақтан кейін мен мұғаліммен кітапханаға бардым. (Sabaqtan keiin men mughalimmen kitaphanağa bardım.) - After the lesson, I went to the library with my teacher.

Exceptions

Not all adverbs in Kazakh get their "-да" suffix added to the nouns or pronouns. Some of these adverbs are formed from adjectives. Here are a few examples:

  • "айқын" (ayqyn) - clear
  • "қысқа" (kysqa) - short
  • "ұзақ" (uzaq) - long

These adverbs are formed by adding the suffix "-ға" ("-ğa" in Latin script) to the adjective root. For example, "айқын" (ayqyn) means "clear," and "айқында" (ayqyn-da) means "clearly."

Here are some more examples:

Kazakh Pronunciation English
жақсы jaqsy good
жақсылықты jaqsylyqty well
керемет keremet excellent
кереметті keremetti splendidly

Summary

Temporal adverbs are an essential part of Kazakh grammar. By mastering them, you can express time and duration in your sentences. Most Kazakh adverbs are formed by adding the suffix "-да" ("-de" in Latin script) to the end of a noun or pronoun. However, some adverbs are formed from adjectives, which requires the suffix "-ға" ("-ğa" in Latin script) to be added to the adjective root. Remember to practice using temporal adverbs regularly in your Kazakh conversations to become more fluent.

Sources

Table of Contents - Kazakh Course - 0 to A1


Kazakh Pronunciation


Greetings and Basic Expressions


Kazakh Cases


Food and Drink


Verbs


Traditions and Customs


Family and Relationships


Adjectives


Traveling and Directions


Pronouns


Shopping and Consumerism


Art and Literature


Adverbs


Health and Medical Emergencies


Sports and Recreation


Prepositions and Postpositions


Nature and Environment

Other Lessons


◀️ General Adverbs — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Modal Adverbs ▶️

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