Language/Turkish/Grammar/Participles

Turkish Grammar → Complex Grammar → Participles

Participles are an important aspect of Turkish grammar. In this lesson, you will learn what participles are, how to form them, and how to use them in sentences.

What are Participles

Participles are verb forms that can have the characteristics of both verbs and adjectives. They are formed from verbs and can be used to describe the action of the verb in a sentence. They are often used to modify nouns or noun phrases, creating more complex sentences.

Turkish has two types of participles: past participles and present participles.

Past Participles

Past participles in Turkish are formed using the suffix -miş. They can be used to describe actions that have already taken place.

Here is how to form past participles in Turkish:

1. Remove the final vowel from the verb root.
2. Add -miş suffix

For example, let’s look at the verb “görmek” which means “to see”. Its past participle form is “gör-müş” which means “seen”.

Here is an example of how to use past participles in a sentence:

• "Ben lisede okumuş öğrenciyim." (I am a student who has graduated from high school.)
• "Çocuk oynamış parkta." (The child who played in the park.)

Notice how in the examples above, the past participle plays the role of an adjective and modifies the noun.

Present Participles

Present participles in Turkish are formed using the suffix -iyor. They describe actions that are currently taking place.

Here is how to form present participles in Turkish:

1. Remove the -mek or -mak ending from the verb root.
2. Add -iyor suffix.

For example, let's look at the verb “yapmak” which means “to do”. Its present participle form is “yap-ıyor” which means “doing”.

Here is an example of how to use present participles in a sentence:

• "O yemek yapıyor." (He/She is making food.)
• "Ben kitap okuyorum." (I am reading a book.)

Notice how in the examples above, the present participle plays the role of a verb and describes an ongoing action.

Participles in Complex Sentences

Participles can be used in complex sentences to create more detailed descriptions. They can be used with conjunctions like ama (but), fakat (however), veya (or), and de (also/too).

Here are some examples of how participles are used in complex sentences:

• "Ben yorgunum, ama yemek yapmak zorundayım." (I am tired, but I have to cook.)
• "Türkiye güzel bir ülke, fakat bazı sorunları var." (Turkey is a beautiful country, however, it has some problems.)
• "Ahmet ödev yapıyor ve Ali televizyon izliyor." (Ahmet is doing homework and Ali is watching TV.)

Notice how participles are used to provide more information about the actions in the sentence.

Summary

Participles play an important role in Turkish grammar. They provide more detail about actions in a sentence and can be used to form complex sentences. In this lesson, we learned about past and present participles, how to form them, and how to use them in sentences.

Sources

• Turkish Grammar
• Turkish Participles

Table of Contents - Turkish Course - 0 to A1

• Course Presentation

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Turkish Alphabet

• Vowels and Consonants
• Pronunciation

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Basic Grammar

• Nouns
• Verbs
• Adjectives
• Pronouns

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Complex Grammar

• Cases
• Participles
• Conditional Sentences

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Everyday Phrases

• Greeting
• Asking for Directions
• Food and Drink
• Shopping

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Numbers and Time

• Cardinal Numbers
• Ordinal Numbers
• Time

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Turkish Culture

• History and Geography
• Traditions and Customs
• Cuisine
• Arts and Festivals

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Daily Life

• Housing
• Family and Relationships
• Religion
• Transportation and Travel

Related Lessons

• The Inclusive Case in Turkish
• Vowels and Consonants
• Give your Opinion
• Prepositions
• REİTERATİVE
• How to use ¨can¨ in Turkish
• Pronouns
• How to Use Have
• Pronunciation