Language/South-azerbaijani/Grammar/Negation

South Azerbaijani Grammar - Negation

Hi South Azerbaijani learners! 😊
In this lesson, we will focus on negation in South Azerbaijani. We will learn how to negate verbs and nouns and how to express negative sentences. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to use negative sentences with ease. Let's get started!

Negating verbs

In South Azerbaijani, we negate verbs by adding the word "نه" ("nə") to the end of the verb. For example:

South Azerbaijani	Pronunciation	English
بیارم ("biyaram")	[bi.ja.ˈɾam]	I bring
بیارم نه ("biyaram nə")	[bi.ja.ˈɾam nə]	I don't bring

As you can see, we add "نه" ("nə") to the end of the verb to negate it. Note that South Azerbaijani does not have a separate word for "don't" as in English. Instead, we use the negation particle "نه" ("nə") to indicate negation.

Let's practice with some examples:

• Person 1: بابام كتاب داد. ("babam kitab dad.") My father gave a book.
• Person 2: بابام كتاب داد نه. ("babam kitab dad nə.") My father didn't give a book.

• Person 1: توپ را به من بده. ("top ra be man bede.") Give me the ball.
• Person 2: توپ را به من نده. ("top ra be man nəde.") Don't give me the ball.

• Person 1: ماشین را بخرم. ("mashin ra bexram.") I buy the car.
• Person 2: ماشین را نخرم. ("mashin ra nəxram.") I don't buy the car.

Negating nouns

In South Azerbaijani, we negate nouns by using the word "نیست" ("nıst") after the noun. For example:

South Azerbaijani	Pronunciation	English
کیتاب است ("kitab est")	[ki.tʰaːb ɛst]	It is a book
کیتاب نیست ("kitab nıst")	[ki.tʰaːb nɯst]	It is not a book

As you can see, we use "نیست" ("nıst") after the noun to indicate negation. Note that South Azerbaijani does not have a separate word for "is not" as in English. Instead, we use the negation particle "نیست" ("nıst") to indicate negation.

Let's practice with some examples:

• Person 1: آن كتاب جدید است. ("an kitab jadid est.") That is a new book.
• Person 2: آن كتاب جدید نیست. ("an kitab jadid nıst.") That is not a new book.

• Person 1: اون هنرمند است. ("un honarmand est.") He is an artist.
• Person 2: اون هنرمند نیست. ("un honarmand nıst.") He is not an artist.

• Person 1: آن دانشجوي ايراني است. ("an daneshjuy irani est.") That is an Iranian student.
• Person 2: آن دانشجوي ايراني نیست. ("an daneshjuy irani nıst.") That is not an Iranian student.

Negating sentences

In South Azerbaijani, we indicate negation in sentences by using the negation particle "نه" ("nə"). To negate a sentence, we place "نه" ("nə") at the end of the sentence. For example:

• Person 1: توپ را به من مي‌دهي؟ ("top ra be man midahi?") Do you give me the ball?
• Person 2: توپ را به تو نه مي‌دهم. ("top ra be to nə midaham.") I don't give you the ball.

• Person 1: آيا كتاب را خوانده‌ايد؟ ("aya kitab ra xandeha-yid?") Have you read the book?
• Person 2: نه، كتاب را نخوانده‌ام. ("nə, kitab ra naxandeham.") No, I haven't read the book.

• Person 1: آيا جوجه را مي‌خوريد؟ ("aya cukcek ra mixorid?") Do you eat the chicken?
• Person 2: نه، جوجه را نمي‌خورم. ("nə, cukcek ra nemi-xoram.") No, I don't eat the chicken.

Dialogue

Let's practice with a dialogue:

• Person 1: توپ را به من بده. ("top ra be man bede.") Give me the ball.
• Person 2: توپ را به من نده. ("top ra be man nəde.") Don't give me the ball.
• Person 1: چرا توپ را به تو نمي‌دهم؟ ("çera top ra be to nemi-daham?") Why don't I give you the ball?
• Person 2: چون توپ بيشتر نيست. ("çon top bishtar nist.") Because there is no more ball.

Tips

To improve your South Azerbaijani grammar, you can also use the Polyglot Club website. Find native speakers and ask them any questions!

Sources

• Azerbaijani language
• Persian language

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